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Among the many challenges confronting the South African building industry are a dearth of skills, rework caused by bad workmanship, and the impact and disruption of unions and local forums. This research aims to determine project managers’ challenges in the South African construction business and how they cope with them. The qualitative inquiry will utilize conversations and notes to determine whether lousy craftsmanship results in project losses. According to the researcher, the conceptual foundation for this investigation is interpretivism. Employees are watched and questioned in the workplace. During data gathering, a methodical technique of collecting and evaluating data is used to answer study survey questions and analyze findings. Thematic Analysis, which finds and arranges patterns of meaning across datasets, can be used in research to investigate and comprehend communal meanings and experiences.

Environmental crimes pose significant threats to ecosystems, biodiversity, and sustainable development. This study critically analyzes the current Indonesian legislation pertaining to environmental crimes and evaluates its strengths, weaknesses, and gaps in implementation. By focusing on secondary data sources, including legal materials, the study examines the scope and definitions of environmental crimes, penalties and sanctions, enforcement mechanisms, and the socio-economic and political factors influencing the effectiveness of environmental law enforcement in Indonesia. The findings indicate that Indonesian legislation covers a broad range of environmental offenses; however, there is a need for clearer definitions and consistent penalties to address emerging environmental challenges adequately. Enforcement mechanisms face challenges such as fragmented coordination among agencies, resource constraints, and corruption. Recommendations for strengthening legislation and enforcement include legislative revisions and enhancements, capacity building, and addressing corruption and political interference. These recommendations aim to improve the effectiveness of environmental law enforcement in Indonesia.

This research paper aims to investigate the influence of risk management strategies and government support programs on farm income, adopting a principal-agent perspective. The study aims to contribute to understanding how farmers' decisions regarding risk management and government programs affect their income levels. The theoretical foundation is based on agency theory, which provides a framework to examine the principal-agent relationship between farmers and external stakeholders. The research employs a quantitative survey method, collecting data from 327 farmers in the South and West Java regions of Indonesia over three months. The results indicate that risk management strategies and government support programs significantly impact farm income. The discussion of the results provides insights into the implications of farmers' risk management strategies and government support programs on farm incomes. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations and future directions, are also discussed.

This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary education in Nigeria. Focusing on six secondary schools and 25 participants in Anambra State, the study investigates the disruptions, challenges, and consequences experienced by students, teachers, and parents. Data collection involves organized focus group discussions conducted through Zoom meetings with principals, teachers, students, and parents from selected schools. The study highlights gaps in teacher preparedness and support and infrastructure and technological constraints that could have improved the effective implementation of remote learning strategies. Despite these challenges, educators demonstrated resilience and innovation in adapting to the new learning environment. The Nigerian government and educational institutions implemented various policy responses and adaptation strategies to mitigate the impact, including providing learning materials and partnerships with telecommunication companies.Understanding the multifaceted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary education is crucial for shaping future policies and practices. The research serves as a valuable resource, highlighting the need to address educational inequalities, support students' mental health, and foster innovative approaches to education.

A Motorcycle is a type of motor vehicle that has two or three wheels, without a roof or cabin, with or without sidecars (in accordance with PP No. 44 of the year 1993). Motorcycles are the largest component contributing to mobility and traffic on public roads. There is confusion regarding the collateral object in pawn, whether it is the object itself or only the ownership rights handed over to the pawn receiver. This confusion is evident when comparing a pawn with its object, where the object involved is a motorcycle, but what is handed over is the Vehicle Registration Certificate (BPKB), not the motorcycle itself. This research uses a normative juridical research method, which is a method of research by examining problems based on literary materials covering research on legal principles, legal systematic, vertical and horizontal synchronization level, and legal history. This approach refers to existing literature studies and secondary data. In practice, the collateral object for a motor vehicle pawn allows the debtor to hand over only the ownership rights or what is commonly called BPKB. Clearly, this violates Article 1150 of the BW, as what should be handed over as collateral by the pawner to the pawn receiver is the motor vehicle itself, not just its ownership rights.

This article introduces the layers of engagement audiences transition through while consuming media content online. Specifically, the consumption of short-form online cartoons. The article contributes a new layered engagement model, building from wider literature, which considers concepts including involvement, flow, and value. This innovative model introduces the notions of deep and light engagement, as well as deep and light engagement experiences and behaviors, which influence and result from engagement. These levels of engagement represent the extremes of different layers audiences transition through as they ebb and flow from one object of consumption to another in highly competitive online environments. This engagement understanding is evidenced in practice with a case study that observes the development of audience engagement with online cartoons. The case study highlights content producers' difficulties in successfully engaging audiences with their creative ideas. This article, therefore, has both theoretical and practical implications. From the theoretical perspective, the article contributes a new understanding of engagement relevant to a media consumption environment subject to abstractness, subjectivity, and uniqueness and where goods are stripped of their tangible nature. From a practical perspective, the article contributes valuable knowledge for producers working in these environments, in how engagement can be modeled for success and foresight into the difficulties that may be faced.

The study aims to establish its own social learning theory and ascertain the violence in educational institutions and its effects on student achievement. 211 students from Bahawalpur private school students completed a faceto-face questionnaire to examine the results. According to Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) findings, school violence positively influences student achievement. The results also showed the association between school violence, peer violence, and family violence on the impact of student achievement. This model is appropriate for policymakers and practitioners to build a strategic plan to curb school violence and its impact on student's academic achievement. Finally, to improve the performance of secondary school students, counselors should take a prominent and proactive role in the topic by planning lectures, seminars, career talks, and other events. Several significant policy suggestions call for additional study, and theoretical and practical implications are suggested.

The use of the internet has increased, and it has become essential in many aspects of life, and among the other uses, e-commerce has been the most successful. The usability level can define the criteria for judging the success of e-commerce systems after the user's interaction with these interfaces. The purpose of this paper is to compare two e-commerce systems, Amazon & Noon, in terms of satisfaction and efficiency usability, using microsoft's usability guidelines and System Usability Scale (SUS). The comparison is based on users' reviews using primary data (questionnaires). Data were collected from 120 users who participated in the two interfaces evaluation. An independent sample t-test was applied to measure both efficiency and satisfaction, and the experimental results of the t-test with 95% confidence showed that Amazon is better than Noon in terms of satisfaction and efficiency. The mean value of Amazon is 48.34, and Noon is 31.35.

Tourism is facing one of the biggest crises of all time due to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. This crisis faced by territories in general and tourist destinations, in particular, requires in-depth studies and special interest from researchers and policymakers. For this reason, this study aims to determine the challenges faced by tourism actors in the ancient Medina of Marrakech during the COVID-19 health crisis. To do so, we adopted a quantitativequalitative method that allowed us to explore the field better. We used semi-structured interviews with decisionmakers in the tourism sector at the national, regional, and central levels and a two-phase questionnaire sent to tourism operators in the Medina of Marrakech. The first phase was conducted remotely during the lockdown, and the second in February 2022. The analysis of the responses shows significant losses of income and employment. Thus, the main reactivation strategies adopted by tourism professionals. The analysis also shows that the management of the health crisis was characterized by centralization and monopolization of power at the central level and that there was no change in the roles of the traditional state. The said management of the crisis is, above all, part of top-down governance limited to particular protagonists, both at the national and local levels, which represents a challenge for territorial governance, given that local realities are hardly the same at the national or territorial level.

Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) cannot be passed from person to person; they are the primary cause of mortality and physical disability in Indonesia and worldwide. There is an epidemiological shift from infectious illnesses to NCD, as evidenced by rising morbidity from NCDs and accidents and decreasing morbidity from infectious diseases at the global, regional, and country levels. Puskesmas Parenggean II performed health examinations for PTM Posbindu on inhabitants of productive age (15-59 years) with a 66.7 percent success rate. This study examines the association between PTM Posbindu knowledge, attitudes, health status, and health care providers in the Parenggean II Puskesmas Working Area, East Kotawaringin Regency. This study employed a cross-sectional analytical descriptive research approach. The study’s population consisted of 99 working-age people (15-59 years). Analysing research data with the Chi-Square and Logistic Regression tests. According to the study results, 56.9% of the working-age population uses POSBINDU PTM. PTM Posbindu intake is associated with knowledge (Signp=0.000) OR = 7.349 and attitude (Sign-p = 0.009) OR = 3.696. Meanwhile, neither the health status (Sign-p = 0.076) nor the health service provider (Sign-p = 0.587) Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.317 is associated with the usage of PTM Posbindu. The most relevant variable is knowledge, with an OR of 7,349. According to the study, knowledge is the most significant factor in using PTM Posbindu. The data and results of this study are intended to be used by appropriate parties to enhance health check-ups for individuals of productive age.

Data in 2019 showed the number of laboratory visits for outpatients as many as 9569 visits; in 2020, there were 3192 visits. General patient laboratory visits in 2020 decreased by 6,377 visits compared to 2019. The number of outpatient laboratory visits from 2021 to October 2021 was 2242; visits decreased by 950 compared to data in 2020. The problem is caused by several factors, namely gender, age, patient service dissatisfaction factor, Covid-19 pandemic factor, mileage factor, health-ill perception factor, physical evidence factor, reliability, and responsiveness factor. Analyzing factors related to age, gender, perception of health and illness, Tangibles, reliability, and responsiveness in the Utilization of Clinical Pathology Laboratory Services for Outpatients at Idaman Regional Hospital Banjarbaru. The researcher used a quantitative method with an observational research design and a cross-sectional approach at the clinical pathology laboratory at Idaman Hospital, Banjarbaru City, in March 2022. The sample was determined using purposive sampling with a total of 110 respondents. The study results were data analysis using descriptive analysis, statistical analysis with Chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression analysis. The results of the analysis with Chi-Square showed the variable p values of age factor (p = 0.007), sex factor (p = 0.000), health-sick perception factor (p = 0.880), tangibles factor (p = 0.000), reliability factor (p = 0.525) and responsiveness factor (p = 0.000). The results of the analysis with multiple logistic regression showed the values of p and Exp B age variables (p = 0.042, Exp B = 3.189), sex variables (p = 0.000, Exp B = 8.188), tangibles variables (p = 0.000, Exp B = 11.878) and responsiveness (p = 0.010, Exp B = 5.150). There is a significant relationship between age, gender, tangibles, and responsiveness with services at the outpatient clinical pathology laboratory at the Idaman Regional Hospital Banjarbaru. There is no significant relationship between the perceived health-illness variables and reliability with the utilization of services at the outpatient clinical pathology laboratory at the Idaman Regional Hospital Banjarbaru. The most dominantly related variable is Tangibles.

Small and Medium Enterprises and young entrepreneurial business ventures seek capital support from financial institutions for their growth and survival. Especially in post-covid-19 times, it becomes vital for the revival of affected business areas. Thus current research aims to shed light on the scarcely researched phenomenon to contribute to the literature. A cooperative has such a serious nature in the Indonesian national economic system. Cooperatives in Law No. 25 of 1992 are said to be the "principal factor" of the nation's economy. The understanding of the backbone is essentially contained in Article 33 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia year 1945 as the state constitution. In advancing the national economy, cooperatives form business units that focus on certain fields, one of which is the saving and loan cooperative. Saving and loan cooperative is alternative financing for Indonesian people, especially businesses with little capital. The mechanism is possible through an instrument of a loan agreement and by providing Guarantees in the form of a Fiduciary. However, there will be problems if the cooperative save borrow is declared bankrupt against the guarantee given by members of the cooperative in the form of micro-businesses. This study uses the normative approach to examine secondary data in existing legal fields as a literature review approach. The final results from the content analysis show that the legal status of fiduciary guarantees will still go into the bankruptcy model, whose management is carried out by the curator. However, the perpetrator still gets legal protection because the guarantee he gives is followed by the basic agreement, namely a loan agreement, so the curator can not sell the fiduciary guarantee before the basic agreement expires. These findings indicated a legislative gap in the cooperative framework and highlighted the need to grab the attention of policy institutions for better business outcomes. The study brings several key insights for policymakers, business scholars, business law experts, and entrepreneurs.

Marriage, in all religions, is sacred and respected. By marriage, spouses acquire financial and non-financial rights and obligations toward each other. Although financial matters in marriage are incidental and the main purpose of marriage is that the spouses live together with love and affection, Mahr is one of the financial rights of the wife who deserves it, and the husband should provide. This article focuses on the concept of Mahr in Iranian and Turkish laws in basic terms. The research method was descriptive-analytical and taken from library sources, national documents, and internal laws and bills of the studied countries. Firstly, the status of Mahr and how it is perceived in both legal systems are explained separately. Afterward, approaches to Mahr in both legal systems are compared basically. This study elucidated how the Mahr practice in these two countries, where most of the people are Muslims, can differ. It is concluded that both in Iran and Turkey, Mahr is implemented among the people; nevertheless, its scope and legal basis are different. All institutions and organizations that somehow deal with rights and legal principles and are responsible for legal issues in the field of marriage and Mahr in Turkey and Iran can use the results of this research.

Imbalance in food intake has become a problem that often arises in nutrition. This can occur in various age groups, including school-age children, and impacts malnutrition or overweight (obesity). Knowledge of nutrition plays an important role in determining the health status of the community, especially children. Health media is one of the solutions to increase knowledge. The types of health media that are often used are flash cards and poster media. To determine the effect of the type of health media on children's knowledge about balanced nutrition. A meta-analysis study using a pre-test-post-test design using a control group. The data was obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed, and the Garuda portal databases. 10 Journals were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Statistical test using revman 5.4. The effect off picture card media on children's knowledge was Z = 3.13 p = 0.0025, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.48-2.07, meanwhile poster media was Z = 1.7 p = 0.09, 95% CI = -0.05 - 0.71. Picture card media was more effective than the control group. Poster media did not differ in effectiveness compared to the control group.

Foodstuffs are a crucial part of the food processing process. The shelf life of foodstuffs is considered one of the influences in producing quality food. This study tried to describe the effect of food shelf life on food quality. The research method used descriptive qualitative. Data were from articles and journals related to the shelf life of foodstuffs and their relation to food quality. The results of the study indicated that there is an effect on the shelf life of foodstuffs with food quality. In particular, each food ingredient has its properties and characteristics, thus must adjust the storage process and the shelf life to maintain food quality for safe consumption.

The public has been overwhelmed with false information ever since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARSCoV-2), and it has been difficult to distinguish what the facts or opinions are or if what they read is propaganda or biased. This research aims to know how everyone has faced this infodemic and their thoughts and experiences regarding the matter. This was done through a Qualitative method, with surveys distributed to gain insight regarding the matter. The results show that everyone is exposed to misinformation and fake news throughout the Internet and that almost everyone is facing the issue of doubting if what they read up is even real or fabricated, or if it is yet another biased opinion, another article to misinform and to spread panic and confusion in public. It has been concluded that this is an issue that needs to be addressed and which people should be wary about, and for everyone to be careful and make sure of the credibility of the news that goes around social media platforms before sharing it to avoid the spread of misinformation.

Teacher autonomy has been one of the most increasingly popular research areas in education since the turn of the 21st century. As one of the main components of teacher professionalism, it has gained increased significance in public discourse reflecting wider global and local education policies. Finnish schooling system, lauded as one of the top-performing education systems thanks to its consistent success in PISA rankings, attaches huge significance to teacher autonomy as one of the main pillars of its “educational miracle”. While there are sufficient studies that have researched teacher autonomy in the Finnish education context, there has been little systematic research on the critical analysis of teacher autonomy from educational policy perspective. This paper conducts a systematic literature review of existing studies and policy documents to construct a holistic analysis of the concept of teacher autonomy in Finnish education system from a public policy perspective and sheds light on its unintended consequences.

Business concept in franchising has become one of the centers of attention that can provide breakthroughs in the diversity of the economic market in Indonesia. Franchising here can be a means to assist business development for business owners in Indonesia to become more and more competitive in a sustainable way. This exploratory research aims to shed light on emerging Intellectual Property Rights concerns in the developing country context of Indonesia related to franchising businesses. This research uses the normative juridical method, which looks positive norm written in the book. Seeing the success and progress of franchising made this thing finally in great demand by entrepreneurs who then turned their business into a franchise for expansion. The results revealed that the key to the concept owned by this franchise business lies in its intellectual property rights; Intellectual Property Rights are special rights held directly by individuals or business entities against business systems that have a distinctive characteristic. Unique in its business, this is certainly done to attract market interest and then be able to market goods and/or services that have been proven successful so that success can be utilized and/or used by parties who also want to follow this kind of business model. The importance of this study is to see this development, which is growing faster and faster; of course, the legal protection of Intellectual Property Rights in this franchise agreement is important and needs to be protected. The study brings several theoretical and practical key insights for business lawmakers, scholars, government agencies, and entrepreneurs in Indonesia and the rest of the developing countries.

This paper aims to explain the National Security Council (NSC) in Indonesia Security Bill Design that refers to comprehensive security and human security concepts. The NSC's importance is to encounter military and non-military threats, which are constantly experiencing unexpected changes that the other country has implemented. The research methodology used in this study is to use qualitative descriptive studies with purposive sampling sample selection methods. Then to test the validity of the data used, data triangulation techniques by comparing the information obtained so that analysis could be done with different sources. Applications to this study are to support national security policy to influence policymakers by offering a concept of the NSC as an alternative to make a national grand strategy based on comprehensive security and human security concepts. This study shows that the discourse of establishing the NSC serves as an institution that synchronizes overlapping national security policies through the National Security Bill. To realize the implementation of holistic and comprehensive state security, it is necessary to ensure human safety based on Human Security declared by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). To realize the stability of national security policy, it is necessary to eliminate several state institutions such as the Presidential Advisory Council, the National Resilience Council, and the Coordinating Ministry for Politics, Law, and Security which regulatory does not yet have a clear security concept. Therefore, to realize the establishment of the NSC as an institution that helps the President formulate a state security policy, a regulation that contains a national grand strategy to support the Republic of Indonesia that is ready to deal with military and non-military security threats.

Photo manipulation is an editing method of artists and photographers to enhance an image. However, despite its beneficial intentions, there has been an issue with the effect of manipulated images on the people. It produces idealistic perfection that does not exist and is sometimes used to simply exploit an image for harmful reasons. Unfortunately, since photo manipulation is continuously progressing, people have been exploited into believing these kinds of photos are presumably true. This research aims to discover how easy it is to deceive people online through photo manipulation and their attitude towards it. The participants in the research were separated into two, adults and young people. The result of this research proves the theory that people are easy to deceive online. However, their attitude toward digitally manipulated photos is both completely different.

This study was conducted to investigate the idea of implementing identity verification to reduce cyberbullying prevalence in social media. Quantitative approach was used for this study through the use of a survey that was conducted in google forms. A total of 73 people participated in this study. Among all respondents, 83.5% think Identity Verification will decrease cyberbullying frequency. However, only 54.8% of the participants are willing to link their IDs to control cyberbullying. It was seen that privacy and security issues were the main reason the other participants opposed it. The survey results have also supported the previous literature about the relationship between anonymity and cyberbullying. The study has positive results regarding the implementation of Identity Verification, as seen in the participants' results. However, it's perceived that security and privacy issues must be first addressed. Further studies should be conducted on implementing identity verification in social media. Solutions to privacy and security concerns, especially the idea of blockchain, should be considered.

For decades, the UN peacekeeping operations in poverty-stricken, war-torn host states have been littered with instances of the commission of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) of vulnerable women by peacekeepers. The governing system of the UN peacekeeping missions has been adopting successive measures to prevent peacekeepers from committing SEA with limited success. Preying on these defenseless women by peacekeepers, who are mandated to protect the civilians in host states, is a heinous crime prohibited under national and international criminal laws. This article examines the insular law governing the UN peacekeeping missions to determine how and why the offending peacekeepers escape accountability. Its findings reveal that the UN aggressive measures are riddled with gaps and not proportional to the gravity of the crime, providing no effective deterrent. The unassailable immunity of peacekeepers in host states is a far-fetched notion when they commit such hardcore actionable crimes giving rise to the criminal responsibility of the offending peacekeepers whose prosecution is in order and imperative in the interest of crime prevention and criminal justice. Based on this finding, the article recommends a disciplinary policy approach as a viable alternative legal avenue to end the immunity and impunity of the offending peacekeepers. The implications of such a corrective penal step would create a legal accountability regime to combat peacekeepers' predatory behavior. The novelty of this article lies in its contribution to the existing UN peacekeeping paradigm by providing a searching reappraisal of the immunity of peacekeepers to convey a message across that immunity in contemporary context no longer exonerates from criminal responsibility and hence does not protect and condone UN peacekeepers committing SEA. Implementing a 'hard' punitive penal sanction to mounting incidents of peacekeepers' SEA prescribed in this article is of paramount importance for the credible management of the UN peacekeeping missions.

This scientific paper was conducted to find out how Faktor Kemenangan Caleg Non Etnis Melayu dan Primordialisme pada Pilgub Kepri 2015-2020?. The politics of local ethnic areas is unique, where local leader figures always win in local head choose. The paper applies using an approach by excavation with explanation techniques to answer this research question. The technique used to collect data did the job interview in-depth and did not prosper, and selects the data through purposive sampling technique. The findings show that Malay ethnic voters have an open attitude to accepting other ethnicities and strong Muslims. They have the same characteristics; Islamic identity, daily use of the Malay language, and wearing traditional Malay clothes. The governor-elect has a Malay Islamic name and is considered a "son of the region," which voters strongly consider. The dominant perspectives of the non-Malay ethnic victory are 1) Strong Malay Identity Primodialism, 2) the candidate's emotional closeness to ethnic Malays; 3) Religious symbols in the gubernatorial election such as Islamic names; 4) Members of political parties who do not show field evidence regarding the split-ticket phenomenon, Malay Customary Institutions in Pilkada do not support it, it is only informal, 6) Electability and experience of candidates as potential leaders.

This research aims to highlight the sensitive and critical issue of exposure to radiation by health workers in general and specifically in Indonesia. The high use of radiation for medical personnel is the second largest contributor of radiation sources that we receive, which, in addition to providing benefits, can also cause harm to health workers. Therefore, radiology services must pay attention to radiation safety aspects according to Bapeten Regulation No. 8 of 2011 on the safety of using diagnostic radiological X-rays. The fact that the use of ionizing radiation source equipment is still mostly done by hospitals, whether it's due to the lack of education and the quality of human resources, the human error factor, or the sudden damage to the ionizing radiation device, is unknown. A comprehensive review technique was used to gather and content analyzes of the literature, and by applying the normative juridical method, results revealed a legal gap in the regulatory framework of health services that need to be improved through legislation. This review research suggests key policy and practice insights and future research directions.

The present study was aimed to explore the awareness regarding preventive measures of Hepatitis B & C among ever-married women in rural & urban areas of Pakistan. This study analyzed the role of socio-demographic characteristics in awareness concerning preventive measures of Hepatitis B & C. The researchers used the health belief model as a theoretical framework. The current study utilized secondary quantitative data of the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) collected by the National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) in 2012-13. The current study's sample size was 5661 through random systematic sampling to represent the ever-married women population. The current study revealed that females with secondary and high-level education have more knowledge regarding Hepatitis B and C preventive measures. Moreover, it was found that females living in urban areas are more aware of preventive measures. Further, it has also been found that exposure to mass media, especially watching TV daily, is a significant factor in creating awareness regarding preventive measures among married Pak- istani women.

This paper is an exposition of Karl Marx's political economy to review the philosophical, scientific explanation of historical materialism and relevance in Nigeria. The paper submitted that Nigeria's political economy history reflects evidence in Karl Marx, especially the periods that spanned pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial independence era. The paper concludes that Nigeria is in the full-blown capitalism epoch, and state policies have thrived. Nigeria State, therefore, reproduced capitalism and ideological repression of wage/salary workers and the masses. Notwithstanding the inevitability of capitalism and attendant consequences of poverty and socio-economic pressure in Nigeria, it is recommended that public-private partnership be a continuum in providing essential services in which consumption and demand are inelastic. State intervention is non-negotiable in essential services to mitigate the purchasing power of wages and salaries in the inflationary trend, which has soared continuously in Nigeria for decades.

This study examined the effect of women health nursing problem-based learning programs for nursing students on self-efficacy, self-directed learning, and problem-solving ability. It is a quasi-experimental study for the pre/post- test design of a nonequivalent control group. An experimental group and a control group had 43 participants each for this study (n = 86). This test operated the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) program for the experimental group and gave a lecture instruction class to the control group. The two groups were surveyed to check the program's effect on self-efficacy, self-directed learning, and problem-solving ability at the same time by the pre/post-test. Thus, it was found out that the problem-solving ability was p = .001, and the self-efficacy was p = .005, which meant that the PBL program had significantly influenced. Therefore, it is implied that the PBL program can be helpful to the problem-solving ability and self-efficacy of women health nursing learning. The constant introduction of this program is regarded to be able to develop their creative quality.

This article aims to understand better how deeply Bangladesh and India are maintaining good relations between them in recent times. Furthermore, this study has investigated and identified the factors that motivated India and Bangladesh to revive their sound relations. In the South Asian region, India is the dominant power in terms of population, economy, military strengths, geographical size, location, etc. Bangladesh shares 78.86% of its total border with India. Both countries' history, languages, culture, and economic nature are more or less similar manner. During the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971, it got much support from India. After getting independence, both countries experience a sound relationship until 1975, which we can call the 'Honeymoon' period. After that, Bangladesh faces some difficulties maintaining its relationship with India due to border killings, a sense of distrust, security concerns, trade deficits, transit issues, water-sharing issues, etc. Recently, through Modi and Hasina's government's diplomatic efforts, both countries' relations have reached a new height, which the researcher labels as the 'Honeymoon period' has returned. This study is based on the review of the secondary data and content analysis in nature. This paper finds that the strategic geographical location of Bangladesh and China's strategic engagement with Dhaka motivates India to maintain more close relationship with Dhaka to get it into its grip. In addition, this study suggested that if India wants to be a regional power, and Bangladesh wants to maintain its development, to fulfill its ambitions, both countries need to maintain a good relationship.

This paper attempts to examine the current profiles of socio-economic indicators of the inhabitants of the Benapole port surrounding areas in Bangladesh. This study was based on a face-to-face interview of 150 survey participants selected from local leaders and residents. The study was conducted in July 2016. Findings of our baseline survey suggested that Benapole port had contributed to the growth of the local agro-based industry through the supply chain management process from 2000 to 2016. The thriving agro-based industry generated significant employment opportunities and wage income for the local population. In turn, employment generation and income promoted educational attainment, increased the number of concrete houses and provided greater access to safe drinking water and electricity for residents. In addition, residents had access to better communication and internet facility. However, widespread drug abuse in the surrounding areas of Benapole port, especially among the youth, was identified as one of the unwarranted social impacts. Drugs accounted for the largest share of smuggled goods through the port.

This paper aims to handle one of the troublesome and broadly dubious parts of Virginia Woolf's fiction, specifically, portrayal. Portrayal, as characterized by Martin Gray, is "how an essayist makes characters in a story to pull in or repulse our compassion" (Gray, 1992). For all the achievement and notoriety that Woolf has accomplished as a standout amongst the most noticeable English authors. As a scholarly commentator of a high bore, her books have been consistently an objective for rushes of extreme fundamental assaults. In his exposition "The Nature of Virginia Woolf'', David Daiches specifies a portion of the charges against Woolf's fiction. An overview of the basic reactions to Woolf's books starting from the thirties to the nineties demonstrates the dependability of this conviction. This charge has progressed toward becoming almost a traditional pattern in Woolf's analysis. A short re-visitation of Ralph Freedman's case, is carried out in this study and useful insights for the scholars have been presented.

Three Southern borders of Thailand are a multicultural society that consists of relationships among three main cultures including Thai-Buddhist, Thai-Muslim, and Thai-Chinese. The unrest has occurred for more than fifteen years which many parties have tried to solve the problem. The understanding was developed from a concept study of multicultural competence. The objectives of this research were included 1) the study of the relationship of acculturation, and 2) the synthesis elements of the Characteristics in three Southern borders of Thailand through theories of Melting Pots and Salad Bowls. The research study is a qualitative method that thirties of past and present secondary data that were connected to cultural relations in three Southern borders of Thailand. Additionally, primary information from ten different cultural people who lived in this area was gathered through indepth interviewing. The results showed that 1) the relationship of acculturation were divided in four aspects that included the deep cultural identity, the two cultural blending, the three cultural integrating, and the cultural sensitivity, and 2) the synthesis elements of the Multicultural Characteristics in three Southern borders of Thailand revealed that it was the triple-stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) of the existent three cultures. They were connected through Melting Pots theory in two cultural blending and three cultural integrating i.e., cuisine, clothing, medication, architecture, occupation, tourist attraction, and recreation while Salad Bowl theory influenced deep cultural identities, such as religious days and religious rites. However, there was a gap between cultures which was part of the cultural sensitivity, for example, the appropriate behavior in the different religious ceremonies that the understanding should be established to connect the triple helix DNA cultures. The results were the research framework that could be applied in the communication process for bridging the gap between multicultural in three Southern borders of Thailand.

The current study aims to explore how virtual education, as an alternative to a traditional model, will impact knowledge retention, student engagement, and fundamentally on academic achievement in the long run. COVID-19 has dramatically changed the plans, and education is not an exception. Education and educators were the first to meet these challenges and adapt to new realities in a very short period. Considering hologram technology as a new method in delivering lectures and breaking stereotypes of traditional education will enhance learning and interactive experience. It is expected to explore business faculty students to reveal how they respond to unexpected challenges of digital education in ‘lockdown’ by letting them engage in a fun and learning environment to generate an active load of interest and adventure. Researchers developed 12 experimental questions to investigate the nature of student possible engagement in the hologram learning environment. Data collection was conducted throughout using an online survey tool and analyzed using SPSS. The results are mainly expected in improved student participation, interaction, and ultimately performance in a lockdown environment. The results reveal that the students who are enrolled in the online courses are more engaged to use the Internet technologies and boost up their learning and communication process with the faculties and students. The implications of this research and its novelty are presented in conceptualizing the hologram technology through quantitative examination of the impact of hologram experience contributed primarily by the millennial generation.

This research aims to determine the effective communication patterns of trainers in bank Mandiri employee induction training. The purpose of this study is to find out how the trainer interprets effective communication and find out the communication experience of the independent trainer identify the trainer's communication motives in providing induction training. Qualitative research methods using interpersonal competency theory were used. Research shows that trainers define training to develop insight, effective communication, and building cooperation. Education and training aim to be an inspiration, improve skills, provide knowledge, and change attitudes and worship. The benefits of training are applying company values, building networks, increasing competence. The key to the trainer's success is the success of the process, positive feedback from the participants, and the final success. Trainers also interpret training as a means to improve skills. This study uses a constructivist paradigm, where the researcher constructs the trainer's training communication experience. Activity trainer observed in this study are: motif coach, meaning coach, the communication experience coach and purpose of this research is the subject of study in the world of training at the same time the public, provides a basic overview of the topic, to generalize the idea and developed the theory of tentative, opening the possibility further research on the topics covered, and determine which techniques and directions will be used in future research.

This article aims to analyze the territorial capacities of the Guelmim province at the level of its socioeconomic achievements. The socioeconomic promotion programs constitute local possibilities to set up projects dedicated to the tourism sector. Seven territorial capacities have been thoroughly studied in this research. The current work highlights the need to analyze the skills of the territory to judge the optimal availability of the infrastructure and the superstructure for the establishment of the tourism sector. The analysis of territorial capacities goes through the local. They achieve an optimal adaptation of local development programs and policies to tourist opportunities. Roads, water supply, electricity, and human resources are considered in this analysis to justify setting up tourist activities. Towards the end, the presence of these indicators on the province territory encourages tourist activities. The analysis of the seven territorial capacities highlights the remarkable inventory of infrastructure development and supra-structures in the rural and urban areas of the province. These capacities could constitute the evaluation of the well-being of the territory such that it could be a place of life and a place of socioeconomic promotion.

This paper reports an investigation of perception on higher education students in Macau, particularly in vocational higher education. Higher education institutions in Macau have to adopt the new Macau Higher Education Law in relation to the QA requirements. By adopting a quantitative research method, a questionnaire was distributed in hard copy. Students’ data were drawn from one higher education institution in Macau, which offers most of its programs career-related vocational basis. Participants are required to self-report his/her perception of QA and rate the importance of a set of questions about professional accreditation, program curriculum. Major findings are: nearly half of the respondents never heard of any QA, or they heard of, but they do not know what it is about. More than 70% of the respondents view it as important or very important to have the study programs accredited by professional associations or by academic accrediting agencies. Over 70% of respondents studying at career- related vocational programs perceive that it is important or very important to have their programs professional or academically accredited. While their counterparts are studying at a less career-related program, only 60% of them perceive important or very important. 95% of accounting and 89% of facility management students opined that the curriculum should match the respective profession/ job needs. Based on the findings, some key recom- mendations are made. These include having more programs accredited by respective professional associations and designed according to profession/job needs. In addition, the findings here do give insights for re-training di- rections for the outbreak of COVID-19 in adult education. This further helps students adapting this ever-changing world which is one of the aims of vocational higher education.

The main objective of this study is to focus precisely on the discussion of the English language algorithms in the direction of grammar and lexical correction errors algorithms. The utilization of the language web-search engine has exploded in its popularity and its potential applications. The majority of search engine algorithms use error detection, which typically is not limited to a particular native language. Thus, the syntax of English web search queries, the problem was identified by automatic speech recognition systems. In an algorithm that takes on corrections for second language learners, a new approach was introduced. In this study, the algorithm proposed will take an input sentence with a preposition error and replaces it with the correct preposition that would relate to this specific sentence. This is based upon a rule-based and statistical approach, making it a hybrid made up of two different phases. This proposed algorithm will be useful for students, educators, and scholars.

This study sketches a portrait of education investment for villagers in Daliang Mountain in Sichuan province with a detailed survey for parents. Those families have below-average income and receive government support on the 9-year compulsory education. The survey data shows that parents with a higher expectation of return on education are more likely to spend more time with their children on homework and tutoring, but monetary expenditure on education is insignificant. Also, children whose parents expect a higher return on education are less likely to drop out of school. Both the direct costs (e.g., tuition) and indirect costs (forgone income because of schooling) do not significantly impact education investment. In terms of time preferences, more patient parents desire a higher level of education for their children. In summary, with government funding, the financial concern is not the major constraint for education investment for most families, but parents' attitudes and beliefs play a more important role. Based on the findings, useful suggestions for parents, government and policy makers have been made.

This study aims to investigate the strategies and efforts that should be made to increase community law empowerment in breaking the chain of distribution of Covid-19 in the new normal era. Covid-19 has brought about a change in people's lives known with a new-normal term, where people must always comply and obey the health protocols to break the chain of its spread. Various policies have been issued by the Government, including the province of West Kalimantan, which has issued the strictest policy on the application of discipline and enforcement of the Health Protocol. It is qualitative research, whereas the data of this study are qualitative in descriptions, exposures, and writings referenced from books, journals, and articles. For analysis, the data is sorted, categorized (grouped) into groups, and then the contents are critically analyzed, so that concrete formulation is formulated, which are then explained in depth. The result of the research is that the strategy of indirect legal counseling by utilizing social media facilities can educate the public to comply with legal rules related to breaking the chain of covid-19 spread towards the new normal era. This public education is needed to understand and build legal awareness of the community on how to deal with the new life order amid the Covid-19 pandemic. It is hoped that this intense and continuous legal communication will have implications for realizing community legal empowerment in breaking the chain of the spread of Covid-19.

This study aims to i) reveal and describe the farming behavior of the Tengger society as legal behavior in supporting the defense of legal culture on land, ii) analyze and explain the changes in farming behavior in the Tengger community, and iii) highlight their influence on the Tengger legal culture. This study uses a socio-legal approach and data was collected using in-depth interviews, observations, and literature studies. Results highlight that the innovations that support agricultural policy have become the main trigger for environmental damage in Tengger. Policies implemented by not first understanding community values push towards the erosion of Tengger's respect for the land. This is the essence of the damage to Tegal lands in Tengger. On the one hand, weak village authority also affects land use in addition to agricultural purposes by outsiders Tengger (for tourism). Legal strategies can be developed to overcome changes in farming behavior that can have implications for the most important legal culture are through the cultural/cultural approach itself. The tengger man has strong ties to his village, and strong social ties are based on the similarity of customs, religion, and land. This bond creates togetherness and mutual cooperation.

This paper approaches mystic’s interpretation through a comprehensive and integrated system of existence regarding the theory of the unity of being as a central point in Ibn ‘A rabı̄’s thought. This study begins with analysis of the concepts ‘sin’ and ‘repentance’, and the theory of the unity of being in Ibn ‘A rabı̄’s texts. It also highlights how these concepts and theory were arranged to depict a systemic net of the actions and reactions in the cosmos. In the first step, Ibn ‘A rabı̄’s doctrine is explained, and then based on the concepts such as open systems, dynamics, complexity, and chaos a discussion is developed. The result will lead us to answer the question that how Ibn ‘A rabı̄ justifies the concept of sin and how his interpretation helps to understand the position of human beings in the universe. He looks at the phenomenon of human as a complex, open, chaotic system that reflects the divine attributes.

In this media/heritage resource articulation, this article assesses the effect of the media on the mobilization of local heritage resources. More precisely, we aim to identify mobilized resources in the forms of media compared to those not yet mediatized. The juxtaposition between media and territorial resources underlines the continuity of the intangible value of the territory in the pages of the newspaper, the television programs, the headings of the photographed sites, the video. They are also discussed based on major changes in information models such as so- cial networks, portals, websites, etc. To answer the question regarding media and the promotion of the forgotten territorial heritage in the province of Guelmim, this study first established a census of the heritage resources mobilized in media and others ignored or marginalized. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to obtain data. On a sample of 20 municipalities over the 2014-2016 period in the province of Guelmim, our results indicate a significant number of rich but ignored heritage resources. Also, this study highlights the value of the diversity of the province's heritage and the opportunities that this wealth generates for the development of socio-economic activity such as tourism. This study has provided valuable insights for the policy makers and relevant officials.

This study aims to reveal the philosophy of the ritual ceremony of Grebeg Maulud at Kasunanan Palace Surakarta from a functional point of view. This study used a qualitative approach. This study used a qualitative approach. The data is collected through observations, literature studies, interviews, and documentation with the society, who are the actors in the ritual. There are many studies on the Grebeg Maulud ritual ceremony. It focuses on the history and development of the ceremony; no study focuses on the relationship between the Grebeg ceremony and expressive symbols (art). This study is very important considering this ceremony is still around today, but most of the younger generation do not understand the expressive symbols in it. There is a correlation between the constituent symbols (religion) and the expressive symbol (art) in religious rituals. The constituent symbols in the Grebeg Maulud ritual are reflected in the Gunungan, which contains the philosophy of the nature of God and the relationship of humans with God to achieve the perfection of life known as the Paraning Dumadi – Manunggaling Kawula – Gusti. The expressive symbol in the Gunungan symbolizes the male and the female.

The main focus of this research is to briefly introduce the history of poverty alleviation programs in China and focus on investigating targeted industrial poverty alleviation programs in Yulin Township (Mingshui County) and assessing the effectiveness of its methods. The aim of this paper is to present a detailed description of the targeted industrial poverty alleviation program and explain how it differs from other similar programs. The data in this paper comes primarily from the poverty alleviation office in Yulin Township and contains both individual-level and aggregated variables. The main findings highlight that the program is successful in reducing poverty and increasing incomes. Moreover, among the individual measures that comprise the program, the reward for working and transportation subsidy seems to achieve the highest success in increasing incomes for many households. Also, the other measures may be better suited for various segments of the population.

This paper gives a general overview of the essence of negotiations itself, their styles while narrowing down focus on negotiation styles pursued by Americans and Pakistanis. The data is derived from the journals, websites, social reports of the United States, and research papers published. Meta-analysis is used to pool the results of selected studies. The papers related to negotiations in general and those focusing on the negotiation styles of Pakistanis and Americans were utilized, while papers covering the negotiation styles of other countries were excluded from the review. Results highlight that Americans have little understanding of other cultures and are impatient listeners. Being result-oriented, they prefer competing and aggressive styles while adopting the direct approach in negotiation, thereby bypassing the long-term relationship, sacrificing individual interests, and preventing emotions from influencing the negotiation process. However, Pakistani negotiators prefer collaborating and compromising styles. They employ emotions and personal relationships while negotiating. Pakistani negotiators, unlike their American counterparts, focus on the long-term relationship. They employ indirect communication channels and rely on assumption instead of realism. Provided that the world has turned into a global village and business dealings are being carried out across the borders, the findings of this research would be beneficial for traders, expatriates, and employees of multinational corporations.

The study examined the perception of crime management's pattern adopted by nightguards and the relationship with the conventional police system. Routine activity theory provided a guide for the study. The study design was descriptive and qualitative, along with multistage sampling. Questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used for data collection. A total of 150 copies of the questionnaire were valid for data analysis, while 19 respondents were interviewed. Hence, 76% of the respondents were impressive and satisfied with the operation of nightguards in crime control. Though 10% of the respondents expressed some reservations against the services of Guards, there was a strong desire among 64% on the need for additional Guard personnel to combat crime challenges. There was a cordial relationship between the Police and nightguards. Nevertheless, a gap in terms of regular acquaintance with nightguards was the area of concern. While 79% identified regular funding as a major challenge confronting the effective operation of Guards in crime control, arbitrary use of force by Night-guards resulting in human rights violation was the major concern of the resident community. The study held that the role of nightguards in crime control is complementary, especially when assessed in terms of community protection and safety. The government should give nightguards recognition through training and funding to buttress the crime control system.

This study investigates how Buddhist monks and pilgrims, who appeared to spread the practice trip to the Asian regions, played an important role in connecting assisted. Through which way thousands of monasteries dotted in the Eurasian continent had to ensure peace and prosperity. The study follows a historical, descriptive, and ana- lytical approach. The study employs theoretical insights from the cultural, international relations, regional, and historical aspects. Data sources include reports, press statements, government documents, books, journals, articles, magazines, internet sources, newspapers, unpublished research documents and other relevant materials. It is highlighted that there is no attention given to revive Buddhism through the new Silk Route. The study concludes that the restoration of the Silk Route may help to some extent in solving the socio-economic, political, and cultural problems. It would promote the development of regional cooperation within Central Asia.

The major aim of the study is to explore students' perceptions of language assessment or testing. Testing is examining one's ability. Testing is an essential part of teaching and learning process; although, most often disliked. A number of researches have been conducted on issues on testing and assessment, such as wash-back effect and test anxiety. The paper tries to explore a group (N = 12) of B. Ed second year studying major English students in Mahendra Ratna Campus, (TU) Tahachal, Kathamndu, Nepal and their' perceptions about language testing and assessment. A qualitative approach with the case study method is being utilized. The findings of the study reveal that collectively students are well aware of the purposes of assessment. However, their experiences with assessment describe cases of language assessment. They indicate several issues in improving the effective testing strategies that indicate room for improvement in the field of assessment in this techno-friendly context.

This paper originated with a question about cultural appropriation by westerners of indigenous Peruvian medicines and cultural practices. It has developed into a collaborative, self-reflexive project between one of the authors of this paper and her academic advisor. Her father, a journalist, and adventurer has organized regular tours through the Amazon that focus on practicing and experiencing Peruvian medicine. He has had a lifelong desire for an adventure that led him into the deep jungles of Peru. While his research and exploration have led to "self-discovery and contributions to science," his travels left his daughter with a sense of discomfort and concern. After his return to the United States, her father shared his new knowledge of Amazonian medicines with the Western world through published accounts of his travels as a daughter of a white American father and a Peruvian mother, one of the authors of this paper started to question her father's actions and wondered if they would be considered exploitation and illegitimate exportation of indigenous medicinal culture. By using a combination of content analysis, case study, and collaborative autoethnography supported by our self-reflexive journal writing, this qualitative study explores the possibility and limitation of academic discourse and the etic and emic perspectives to guide someone to have a better understanding of "self" and family relations within a unique set of Peruvian medicines and practices in western society.

This study has three objectives: first, to determine students’ thinking styles based on Sternberg’s Theory of Mental Self-Government; second, to determine the teaching style used by Philippine politics teachers as perceived by their students; and, third, to ascertain the teaching style students preferred their teachers to use. To achieve the second and third objectives, Grasha’s teaching styles were considered in the study. 149 Grade 12 students from the Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand of the University of the East Caloocan served as respondents of the study. Data were gathered through survey questionnaires. Legislative, judicial, external, and multimodal thinkers perceived their teachers as experts, while executive and internal thinkers perceived them as a formal authority. Legislative, external, and multimodal thinkers preferred their teachers to be a formal authority, while internal thinkers preferred facilitators, and executive and judicial thinkers preferred personal models. Valuable insights and suggestions for teachers and students are provided.

This article attempts to examine the role of the politician and the TV as a media form and their effect on society in terms of various cases as instances from the political landscape. By having several assessments on the picked instances with the help of some references, the article aims to critically discuss the citation as "Popularization of politics and tabloidization of TV go hand in hand." Beyond these evaluations, the article aims to reach some consequences related to the effects of this reality on society and opinion forming. The case study method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used to make data analysis of the case studies that constitute the research area. Based on these cases, insights are provided that might help understand the significance of media in media.

This phenomenological study explored the experiences of high school principals with students with derogatory records and provided valuable insights to high school principals in terms of managing the academic deviancy of students with derogatory papers. Using purposive sampling, the researcher identified public and private high school principals as participants of the study. The semi-structured interview guide was validated and used in this study to generate data from the participants. Results revealed that the experiences of high school principals in dealing with students with derogatory records are feeling sorry for what happened to them, disrespecting by the students and parents, encountering bully students, comforting students with a family problem, giving pieces of advice and opportunities, and conferencing with parents. Further, school principals met students who misbehave, gang members, fighters, liars, and students who cut classes. These students who have derogatory records are also the victim of their environment. They were just the receiver of the action shown to them. The management style of the principal is democratic. They perform such a manner through delegating, empowering, consulting, and empathizing. However, the principal's impact on the students with derogatory records is a fear, strict, threat, not visible, and oblige. Thus, principals should implement rules which are agreeable by the subordinate.

The current study aimed at exploring the difference between traditional and social media news and analyzed their role in gratification of informational needs on the basis of gender and usage. Five categories of local, national, international, disaster and entertainment are selected for the survey, consisting of 1383 male and female university students from the capital of each province of Pakistan. The results are statistically analyzed by using SPSS. The findings suggest that social media remain active to satiate informational needs, and the dependency of traditional media on social media posit that soon traditional media would be displaced. The obtained gratification and individual perception of participants are found significant for social media than traditional media. The moderation effect of gender and usage is also momentous. Male dominance is not only prevalent in social structure but also evident in media consumption patterns. The social and gender disparities are reflective in this current study in informational need gratification through media.

From a centralized state, Nepal adopted federalism in 2015 and local level elections were held in 2017, after twenty years since the last local election. In this light, this study aims to explore how alternative theories and models of rural community development could operate in the new system. An extensive review of literature on this field was done to understand the focal concepts and their relationships. It was followed by document analysis to contextualize these concepts by understanding local governments' local systems and settings in Nepal. This research suggests that heterogeneity in Nepalese communities has had its effects on social capital accumulation and effective participation. It also found that the lack of meaningful interaction between marginalized rural communities and public institutions has limited their economic opportunities and development capacity. However, with institutional arrangements of inclusive representation, affirmative action, and other policy measures adopted in the new system of governance as guaranteed by the new constitution's provisions, foundations have been laid to increase the stock of bridging social capital and promote community action. Furthermore, with the emergence of new leaders elected in the local level election of 2017 and other informal community leaderships, a 'mediating agency' is identified to link communities and public institutions and mobilize local assets to create economic opportunities through their linking ties.

As part of a larger interdisciplinary research project, the objective of this small-scale study is to develop an engaging Virtual Reality (VR) based language learning task focused on sentence word order. It builds on a previous study of a VR-based language activity targeting prepositions. This study focused on providing an engaging language learning experience through immersive visual effects and tactile feedback from interactive 3D worlds. Furthermore, a new standalone HMD system that allowed users to walk freely around the VR space was procured for the study. University students (n = 17) each completed five sentences during a single treatment session. A 28 question exit survey was conducted immediately after the experiment. Analysis of the results showed that 11 out of 17 subjects felt the operation of the VR task was intuitive. Subjects found the learning tasks were monotonous. In addition, some found it difficult to move around the VR space using handheld VR controllers while wearing a wired Head Mounted Display (HMD). In addition, all subjects stated that compared to traditional language-learning activities, they enjoyed doing the activity. However, a review of the subjects' behaviors, captured by a video camera, indicated that some subjects were initially confused about physically manipulating the words. Based on the study results presented here, the VR-based language activity was found to be a pleasurable way to study sentence word order. Future goals include the creation of interactive tutorials and a larger set of content.

This article describes how the so-called sacred activities conducted by Shamans are being and should be under the spotlight of the tourist attraction. In Indonesia, there are so many varieties of tourism places and events to be experienced. Traditional events exclusively exist only in Indonesia, such as one of Javanese tradition or Jathilan, etc. Jathilan is purposely conducting to entertain the traditional troops in Java when they were going to a battle, but now it is pure entertainment for the society. In Indonesia, the world religion and the indigenous religion or traditions are coexisting in society. Jathilan tradition could be one example that Indonesian culture could maintain to survive, though it is not as popular as before. Using a literature study and personal experiences in watching Jathilan performances, this article aims to show that sacred activities used to attract people are not losing their sacredness at a certain point. Taylor's article about the sincerity and authenticity of cultural tourism used to support the point of view of this discussion. How the Jathilan still maintained as a sacred performance in the tourism attraction. Even the tradition has been through to certain modifications; they could maintain their own identity and sacredness for society to enjoy. This study suggests the society to help the tradition have its place in tourism to protect the cultural heritage in Indonesia.

This study explored the experiences of the newly-hired faculty in the university to acquire an in-depth and profound understanding of these experiences. It involved eight purposively chosen faculty in a semi-structured interview and focus group discussion documented in voice and video recorders. Using Colaizzi’s seven step-approach to data analysis, results revealed three paradoxical themes: the joys and struggles of teaching, successes and pains of learning, and the privileges and challenges of serving. On the one hand, the joys and struggles of teaching were brought about by their adjustments in instruction. On the other hand, successes and pains of learning centered on professional growth. Finally, the privileges and challenges of serving incorporated the experiences in research, production, and extension. Generally, these teachers have experienced ups and downs in their first two years of teaching at a higher education institution. On the basis of study findings, implications and recommendations are discussed.

China’s political reform has been delayed and suspended for more than 40 years. While there is a consensus that the economic reform must be supported and sustained by a fundamental political reform, the feasible priorities, specific procedures, and reasonable time line are still very contentious. The article briefly discusses five leading schools on the study of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reform, including the schools of resilience, democratic centralism, the top-down reform, the separation of decision-making, executive and supervision powers, and the multi-candidate election. Using empirical study through interviews and surveys with Chinese scholars and government officials, the article argues that successful political reform relies on the substantial intra-party reform and competitive elections. Furthermore, this article addresses some critical issues related to the checks and balances system, proposing the three key steps designed to implement CCP’s political reform, including multi-candidate elections, the permanent system of the party congress representative, and a system of separation of triple powers with the CCP’s characteristics.

This paper aims to provide an approach and theoretical framework that indicates the importance of designing and planning Urban Green Spaces (UGS) for urban social sustainability. Sustainability is a widely used term in all urban development planning worldwide. Planning for urban social sustainability is one of the main pillars of sustainability that promote welfare and quality of life, which can be affected by the existence of nature in the city. UGS as the provider of social services such as recreational and physical activities and social interactions, are essential to promote the quality of life in urban areas, which is a key component of sustainable development. This paper applies an analytical- descriptive method for the critical review of key literature on UGS and social sustainability and aims to discuss the importance of UGS on urban social sustainability. The results demonstrate that designing and planning green spaces according to social aspects of sustainable development can be vital to improve the social sustainability of cities and promote the liveability of urban environments.

This paper attempts to explore the relationship with the function of creative industry agents from the perspective of cultural capital. Currently, it is the lack of cultural capital to support the professional skills required by the creative design industry agents. Thus, this paper takes Taiwan's interior design industry as a research object and attempts to interpret the functional structure of creative industry agents from the perspective of cultural capital. This research is mainly a qualitative study using literature analysis, expert interviews, and questionnaires. It is one of the few studies in Taiwan that combines the views of sociology and human capital. It is hoped that this research will provide valuable and inspiring information for anyone who is interested in working as a creative industry agent or conducting research on the education and training of creative industry agents.

The study was conducted in response to the need of the university system, St. Paul University, to address student care as part of the Paulinian Formation objectives. The research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the consultation hours in relation to students' academic journey. The study is anchored on the human- istic theories of learning (1960). The researchers looked at the students' perception, the monitoring of academic managers, the execution of faculty members, and issues and challenges in the implementation. Interviews and survey questionnaires were used to gather the needed data. The results obtained after interviewing students, faculty members, and managers are analyzed and discussed. This study can help school administrators and teachers identify the best tools and strategies best suited.

This paper aims to identify the skills, competencies, and behaviors that agile graduates require to succeed in an environment confronted by rising high unemployment and characterized by accelerated high poverty levels. Hence, the more reasons to identify and understand important knowledge, behaviors and best practices within the knowledge domains of entrepreneurial education. To gather data, online databases, both global and South African for academic research between (1992–2019) using google scholar sourced articles, conference proceedings, and government policy documents including SABINET, EBSCOHOST, SAGE, Emerald, and Tailor and Francis, were accessed. The gathered data was then thoroughly studied and analyzed. This framework gives insights into the heart of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship education, and pedagogy, making the principles of entrepreneurship career very important to consider in future graduates career choices and research. A major contribution of this study will be the articulating of specific economic reforms and purposes for entrepreneurship education and making explicit associations between students and the business world.

In this research, Luristan's bronze weapons were investigated by the descriptive-analytical method and considered decorative aspects and functional. Based on the research's fundamental questions, mythological and religious beliefs are the most important decoration of Bronze weapons which reflect beliefs a nomadic ethnic moved back and forth in valleys and altitudes for constant centuries. Additionally, it should be noted that religious and cultural effects during the five centuries Kassites' domination in Babylon and the inspiration of Mesopotamia have appeared in bronze reliefs. By considering the research examples, it can be said that plant and animal reliefs were in priority on bronze weapons and tools and had more popularity for bronze instructors. The analysis of Luristan's bronze weapons reliefs and the impact on the Achaemenid and Parthian's weapons are likely to be the crucial findings of this research that open a new pathway to be done in future more research.

Social work intervention in the contemporary healthcare system has proved a challenging practice for health workers, especially when working with senior people whose service experience always varies following nonlinear dynamics rather than linear dynamics. As social work services provided in hospitals are always perceived as the practice in “Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), the complexity theory, which reflects continually changing needs and environments, can provide a new pathway for hospital social workers to manage the above-mentioned cases. Herein, the aim of this research is to address the feasibility and adaptability of implementing the complexity theory in hospital social work practice with a particular focus on senior service users. Firstly, this study will anal- yse the factors that influence the effects of service delivery for those seniors in hospitals and explain why these cases often are perceived as complex. Then it will introduce the complexity theory and CAS with the explanation of some related basic phrases such as non-linearity, embeddedness, and attractor patterns. In the next section, how the complexity theory can be embedded in hospital social work practice and guides social workers to reform their framework for practice will be addressed. The complexity theory will be used as a complementary theory to support social work practitioners to build a multidimensional understanding of complex cases and, in addition, to impact their practice. At last, the conclusion that the complexity theory will positively influence social work practice when dealing with complex cases related seniors will be drawn as the end of this paper.

The objective of this paper was to identify what hospitality frontline managers experience as Ubuntu and subsequently presents a compact assessment scale for measuring frontline managers’ experience of Ubuntu culture to a hospitality organisation in South Africa. A mixed-method research design encompassing qualitative and quantitative studies resulted in 26 item measures for the Ubuntu concept. The two studies were conducted to test aspects of a fourfold model of Ubuntu which integrates compassion (care, empathy, being there physically and emotionally), survival (ability to survive in spite of difficulties, a shared will to survive and focus), group solidarity/collectivism (the idea of achieving collectively; organisation exists to benefit employee community), and respect and dignity (valuing the worth of others). In Study 1, scales were developed to measure these aspects. Relationships among the four values of Ubuntu and with variables considered their antecedents were examined in Study 2. Results of a factor analysis suggested that, as predicted by the fourfold model, Ubuntu values are empirically distinguishable dimensions that can be experienced simultaneously by frontline managers. The importance of encouraging the study of Ubuntu as a culture, both in research and to the organisation, is discussed. The implication of this research is that, fostering Ubuntu’s compassion and collectiveness as (a “gift that Southern Africa can give to the world)” could enable organisations to attract employees who feel authenticity from managers that align with their individual values, which then generate positive attitudes and work behaviours in employees. Therefore, South Africa’s hospitality sector needs to foster stronger team relationships, through the authenticity of support by the supervisor and social activities. As such, the study suggested that the culture of Ubuntu, if consciously harnessed can play a pivotal role in managing diverse workforce.

The role of urban tourism to enhance the growth of tourism in cities received a disproportionately small amount of attention by the related parties. Hence, under the crucial strategy to preserve the long-term growth potential of the Kingdom of Bahrain, and within the context of urban regeneration, the present research aims to investigate visitors’ attachment to historical tourist places in the capital city of Bahrain, Manama. Indeed, although the city of Manama plays a pivotal role in the development and growth of the national tourism industry, further efforts are needed to enhance the tourism growth in the city. The research findings are based on a questionnaire survey and conducted with 391 visitors randomly selected in tourist attraction areas in the city of Manama. Results in- dicate that both domestic and international visitors have a fairly strong emotional and functional attachment to the historical sites. However, in term of urban regeneration, domestic visitors highlighted the lack of social and cultural events around the historical sites, while international visitors pointed out the lack of pedestrian and cycling facilities around the sites which decrease their attractiveness. The findings highlight the crucial role of place attachment attributes to inform responsive and inclusive urban regeneration for enhanced urban tourism. Furthermore, it helps to encourage the provision of a conducive environment, enabling the tourism sector to grow. The central idea is that successful urban tourism regeneration should transcend the physical aspect of place to the psychological aspect through the place attachment concept.

World corporations demonstrate good world citizenship responsibilities through their Corporate Social Respon- sibility Reports (CSRs) also referred to as World Citizenship Reports or Sustainability Reports). Most US S&P 500 corporations complete their annual CSRs. Two common methods of distribution of these CSRs have been through their websites and submission to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI); an independent international organization since 1997). The goal of a corporation’s CSRs is to demonstrate how its operations are moving towards balancing environment, economics, and equity (or social justice)–commonly referred to as the 3 Es. CSR submission to GRI is voluntary and there is generally no independent verification and approval of the submitted CSR. Investors, shareholders, consumers, and government regulatory agencies are interested in the accuracy of corporations’ sustainable operations data (energy efficiency, CO2 emissions, recycling, fair wages, etc.). GRI has concerns about the accuracy of CSR data and is interested in verified data and reports. The emerging Blockchain technology offers some unique features that can be applied to verify and approve sustainability development methodologies and metrics of a corporation’s operations as it relates to the 3 Es. GRI can be one of the partners in the process and thus enhancing the trustworthiness of the reports submitted. This research discusses how Blockchain features, such as, distributed database, members’ verification and approval, security, etc., can enable sustainable development’s data verification and accuracy. This can apply to public, private, and other non-business operations (e.g., non-profits). This research also discusses Blockchain technology applicability to supply chain operations (Business-to-Business), thus enabling sustainability effectiveness among businesses. There will be pros and cons during implementation of any new technology. This paper discusses some of these and projects what the future might look like using this technology for sustainability. Key areas of current implementations are also analyzed.

This study aims to shed light on the possible research design to investigate whether young generation are well prepared with the basic financial knowledge to handle the personal finance issues. A pilot study is conducted to investigate whether there is a difference between teachers' and students' perception of the effectiveness of financial education in high schools and the need to provide personal finance education programs at higher education institutions. Preliminary hypotheses testing was conducted to explore the relationship between age, personal financial knowledge, and personal finance behavior of the high school and tertiary level students. Validated measurement scale items are adopted, and Hong Kong is chosen for the investigation. The results revealed that students and other stakeholders share the same view about financial education programs' effectiveness and the needs of such training at the higher education level. While taking financial education training could enhance financial literacy, doing so seems not a good predictor of financial behavior, so as the age and financial literacy level. The experience of this pilot study and the implication of these preliminary findings can support the design of a fuller scale of research by informing policymakers, education sectors, and social science on the need to identify possible factors affecting the financial behavior of the young generation. It will also help design highly targeted and well-specified programs to support them in managing financial matters for the well-being of the individuals and society.

This research highlights the completeness of fishing vessels' safety in Brondong, East Java, Indonesia. Brondong Nusantara Fisheries Port is one of the largest fishing ports in East Java, with 1,546 fishing vessels. Ironically, in the study, it was found that only 4% of all fishing vessels had vessel certificates that were still active. This study uses a qualitative analysis approach, which aims to describe and analyze the phenomena relating to the implementation of fishing vessel safety policies carried out by the Indonesian Minister of Transportation No. KM 46 of 1996 concerning Certification of the Sea Worthiness of Fishing Vessels, which requires that every Fishing Vessel meet the requirements of seaworthiness before sailing. This research is important because the lack of safety equipment for fishing vessels in Brondong has been going on for decades. There is almost no solution to this problem. The weak implementation of fishing vessel safety regulations in Brondong is due to weak law enforcement, lack of supervision from local authorities, and the weak purchasing power of boat owners for ship safety equipment.

The research aimed to highlight the responsiveness of existing health care systems in Pakistan towards addressing Sexual and Reproductive Health & Rights (SRH&R) concerns of young people with the lens of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially (Goal 3.7) with the focus on youth. This descriptive research used the inductive approach of theory. It fixed qualitative design to research the health care system of Pakistan by reviewing the available secondary data resources, e.g., official documents, reports, websites, and online resources of the relevant departments and organizations. Results highlight that in Pakistan, 64% of the population consists of young people. It is reviewed that Pakistan's existing health care system is insignificantly responsive towards the SRH&R needs of young people and contribution to achieving SDG, especially (Goal 3.7) with a special focus on youth. These policies and programs at the provincial and local level programs are limited to reproductive health issues (maternal health, family planning, and child health) and the needs of married women only. On the other hand, the existing health care systems, mainly private and non-governmental, are addressing the Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) needs of young people, which is insufficient due to limited infrastructure and delivery networks. The research provided insight into the significant programs and interventions and policies implemented, including gaps and challenges in the health care system in Pakistan for addressing SRH&R concerns of young people and contribution in achieving SDG, especially (Goal 3.7) with a special focus on youth.

The article presents basic assumptions defining the resilience of logistic systems aimed at satisfying societies' needs. It focused on the special importance of system theory for the contemporary understanding of management sciences, emphasizing logistics. Based on the current state of literature, the article characterizes the concept of social logistics as one of three basic types of logistics. The importance of identifying key social needs in order to understand the essence of social logistics was also emphasized. The article contains a proposition of elements that can be a part of the social logistics system, deliberately shaped by the selected subjects, and the characteristics of connections between them. In addition to that, a composition of key factors, increasing the vulnerability of social logistics systems, and a set of measures to strengthen the resilience of the systems were proposed. The second part of the article presents the concept of conducting empirical research in the resilience of social logistics systems, conducted among representatives of secondary schools and higher educational institutions from a highly industrialized region of southern Poland. The article contains the results of pilot studies carried out on the above-mentioned research sample, which is an important element shaping further research. As part of the pilot studies, both qualitative and quantitative researches were conducted. The research led to the compilation of a set of the most important vulnerability points of social logistics systems and factors that could strengthen their resilience from the point of view of southern Poland society representatives.

The present study aims to explore the role of women over time in local, sustainable development in a Greek island, Rhodes. The present research is qualitative. A semi-structured interview is the data collection tool that is structured based on the four interrelated axes of sustainability: economic, social, cultural, and environmental. The research sample comprises women from the city and villages of Rhodes, aged over 65, as the research focuses on the middle of the last century. The survey results show that women's participation has been particularly important in the economic development of the island, as they have helped significantly in the rural work, along with housework. Moreover, their role as mothers in supporting the family institution has been fundamental, while at the same time, they have been mostly involved in training and bringing up children. Their involvement in the local customs was discreet, although they offered exceptional works of art, loom, embroidery, and other creations that decorated the houses. Concerning the environment, their habits were environmentally friendly. Generally, they have made a decisive contribution to the sustainable development of the island. The findings imply that it is important to study tradition in-depth to highlight the importance of the role of women and creatively utilize it in the context of sustainable local development.

This paper discusses the important role of social capital, networks, and community engagement in disaster recovery. This study takes the case of Nepal and analyzes the recovery and reconstruction activities done through direct initiative and active engagement of residents in Giranchaur village of Sindhupalchowk district after the devastating earthquake of 2015. Information was gathered based on primary data sources collected through field visits and analysis of secondary data. Two field visits were carried out in October 2017 and August 2018, respectively during which, direct observation and in-depth interviews were carried out with key informants and residents of Giranchaur. Available scholarly literature on the topic was reviewed, and two main policy documents were prepared in Nepal to guide the reconstruction and recovery process. The finding of this study shows that idea generated from the grassroots, lead by an able local leadership and implemented via existing social networks with active community engagement leads to sustainable recovery, as shown by the case study of Giranchaur village. Based on the evidence, the paper derives some lessons from experience in the aftermath of the Nepal Earthquake 2015 that have practical implications to policymakers when deciding future intervention strategies in disaster-affected communities.

This paper examines the introduction of piped water during the colonial period and how people resisted it. Water is an important basic necessity of life that is crucial to any society's socio-economic development. Adequate provision of water serves as a basic prerequisite for industrial development. Some of the major sources of water included wells, dams, rainfall/rainwater, and rivers. In addition to the private wells inside the houses, some popular public wells were located in various parts of the city. This paper is using extant literature and oral information to explore the history of the transformation of water supply in Kano. Findings of the study highlight that water supplied had contributed to the economic and social development of Kano. Some of the major impact of the piped water supply include industrialization and urbanization, reducing the prevalence of water-borne diseases, and provision of employment.

This study focuses on socioeconomically disadvantaged areas that desperately need green infrastructures because of their low elevation and adjacent location to hurricane-prone coastal areas. By investigating educational attainment, poverty, and ethnicity data taken from the United States Census Bureau and combining it with Google Earth Street View data, green infrastructures are identified and studied in this work. Within Houston, Texas, the socioe- conomically disadvantaged have more green infrastructures than higher education and income levels. The results argue that the pattern of green infrastructure development in Houston is not so much due to the residents’ interest and concern for the environment. However, it is more likely the result of past flood events. This research indicates that ethnicity may correlate more closely to the location of green infrastructures within the Houston area than previously indicated. The results are discussed with the historical perspective as well as the federal and local government’s effort and potential policy implications.

This study focuses on socioeconomically disadvantaged areas that desperately need green infrastructures because of their low elevation and adjacent location to hurricane-prone coastal areas. By investigating educational attainment, poverty, and ethnicity data taken from the United States Census Bureau and combining it with Google Earth Street View data, green infrastructures are identified and studied in this work. Within Houston, Texas, the socioe- conomically disadvantaged have more green infrastructures than higher education and income levels. The results argue that the pattern of green infrastructure development in Houston is not so much due to the residents’ interest and concern for the environment. However, it is more likely the result of past flood events. This research indicates that ethnicity may correlate more closely to the location of green infrastructures within the Houston area than previously indicated. The results are discussed with the historical perspective as well as the federal and local government’s effort and potential policy implications.

The current research explored the causes of conflicts in multidisciplinary team collaboration. This study proposed to take multidisciplinary teamwork conflicts as the subject to summarize the conflicts in this field by analyzing and summarizing the content of many cases. In the study, relevant research on multidisciplinary teams was collected over the ten years and selected five papers involving the research on the cooperation process of the same. We found that each team involved at least three fields, namely engineering, management, and management design. This paper sorted out the problems arising from multidisciplinary collaboration through content analysis. It grouped them through the KJ method (also called affinity diagram method), collaborating with researchers with exact experience for further analysis and induction. According to the study, problems encountered by multidisciplinary teams can be classified into nine categories: professional background, team composition, task allocation, role positioning, relationship, communication, attitude, efficiency, and external factors. To be specifically This study is expected to clarify the problems arising in the process of multidisciplinary team collaboration, providing references for subsequent researchers.

The purpose of this study is to analyze Frankenstein’s monster created in the 18th century with the dilemma of creator-creation relation, under a gothic perspective. Within this context, gothic literature and gothic cinema will be mentioned in the first part of the study to describe the style of the novel. In the second part, the historical dynamics of the period will be explained, and mention the life of Mary Shelley and the process of creating the novel to help understand the novel better. The third part is dedicated to a historical and a visual analysis based on the samples from book illustrations, caricatures, theatre banners, and comic books, which involved characters of the novel throughout the illustration process.

Employing a qualitative method approach and Berry’s Acculturation Theory as well as Kim’s Cross-Cultural Adaptation Theory, this study investigates the intercultural experiences which focus on acculturative stress experienced and coping strategies employed by the international students in an institution of higher learning in Sabah, Malaysia, namely Universiti Malaysia Sabah, particularly among the Chinese students from the People Republic of China (PRC). It is interesting to note that even though there are many problems and hurdles in managing the teaching and learning of the PRC students, the number of PRC students enrolled in the university continues to grow yearly. The figure is outnumbered compared to other international students. Normally, the sojourners will experience a certain degree of acculturative stress or culture shock at the early phase of migration, especially among those adopting the separation and marginalization strategy of acculturation. Contrastingly, the findings reveal something different. Even though some of them have experienced a certain degree (minor) of acculturative stress, most of them could handle their migrating life as sojourners in Sabah quite comfortably. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the obstacles and constraints faced by the sojourners and factors that lead to their successful adaptation. It offers positive implications and constructive recommendations towards building a conducive inter-cultural relation between the sojourners and the host.

This paper describes the findings of an intervention that aims to support inquiry science text reading in urban high schools in Chicago and help teachers and students take better advantage of the learning opportunities IBLEs offer. It is believed that a good deal of important science learning is inaccessible to those who don’t understand interpreting the culture of power. Here, understanding—in terms of understanding how scientists write, speak, and read—represents power. We explain how we worked to address students’ Inquiry-Based Learning Environments (IBLE) content learning and inquiry activities by providing a system of tools and routines that support students’ interaction with text and representations in science and offer evidence indicating that such support can improve IBLE learning. These strategic literacy support tools appear to make the role texts play a bit more apparent to both teachers and students. Our findings suggest strategic literacy support tools appear to be a useful contribution to activity systems in classrooms and can help learners move toward an apprenticeship into deeper science learning.

This study explored how three of Davao City’s reputable and veteran journalists viewed fake news and what they perceived as its causes and consequences. Since fake news elicits public attention because of its role in international and national elections, problems have been attributed to it. From in-depth interviews with the participants, results revealed that they viewed fake news as fabricated, unacceptable, causing ignorance, and money-making. The causes were pointed out as anyone can do, deliberate and motivated, and for profit. They identified the conse- quences as negative but entertaining, leading to the generalized judgment of news and destructive. In conclusion, the effects of fake news must be understood by society because it affects everyone in a democratic society that engages every individual in every dialogue. The press and the public need to understand that fake news can come from anyone in the city, country, or world.

This article aims to focus on two important aspects of the world as it is today, firstly recognizing and analyzing new challenges that the world is facing 2001 onwards, and second to gauge how equipped the international system is to deal with these challenges, with an important focus on the efficiency of the United Nations and the role it has to play. It shall also trace the effectiveness of the UN throughout these years in resolving major world crises’. After 2001, the world underwent a complete change regarding the geopolitical landscape due to global terrorism, increased bilateral conflicts, forced migration, economic instability, the rise of threatening non-state actors, and heightened use of the internet and social media. This article explains the functioning of the United Nations as a body. It shall critically analyze the efficacy of the UN as an organization and its preparedness to deal with these challenges posed to the world order today. The United Nations is more relevant now than ever. This study concludes that United Nations can improve its performance by dealing with the problems of the world efficiently and effectively.

The purposes of the current study were to develop the corpus-based lessons in reading English newspaper course and to determine the effectiveness of the corpus-based vocabulary exercises. The samplings of the study were forty-three-third year students majoring English, the Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan. To instruct the selected 50 vocabulary words, the corpus-based vocabulary exercises were constructed on a theoretical framework developing from the Constructivism Theory, Second Language Acquisition Theory, and Vocabulary Learning and Teaching Theories that were used for a period of 10 weeks. The research instruments of the current study were the pre-test, the post-test, and the questionnaire. The quantitative data were analyzed through the paired sample t-test and the qualitative data were analyzed by using the software package. The findings reveal that using corpus-based lessons were effective and could help EFL students to improve their vocabulary knowledge, perceive the words, comprehend the meaning of the words, and also employ the words properly in the news contexts. On the basis of these findings, future recommendations for scholars are discussed.

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the role of religious Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) and the proliferation of different religious narratives in creating an enabling environment for the penetration of radical in- terpretations of Islam and thereby contribute to the radicalization of vulnerable individuals. Furthermore, it also addresses the lack of action and balancing counter-religious narratives from concerned official authorities and moderate religious scholars. The Maldives is experiencing a rise in non-violent and violent forms of Islamic radi- calization and the task of dealing with returning Jihadists. Despite the paucity of existing literature on the subject and the sensitivity of the subject at the national level, this study attempts to explore the role of religious NGO's and the proliferation of different religious narratives in creating an enabling environment for the penetration of radical interpretations of Islam. Thus this study uses a simple qualitative research method to analyze how these factors contribute to the radicalization of vulnerable individuals in the Maldives. The findings of the study reveal that in the context of the Maldives, fragmentation of religious narratives, lack of balancing counter-arguments against radical ideologies, lack of monitoring of content with extreme views, and relevant action against local religious networks disseminating such views create an enabling environment for radical religious ideologies to flourish.

The aim of the study was to explore the importance of social networks in political participation among youth in Punjab Pakistan. The premise was to find out the association between social networks and youth political participation. For this purpose, quantitative research design was deployed and survey was conducted on 308 respon- dents including male and female having age ranges from 18-29 years. Keeping in view the objectives of research, a structured questionnaire was used as research instrument while univariate analysis has been done. Province of Punjab was selected as universe of the study on the basis of having strong ties among each other. The findings revealed that most of the respondents had casted their votes and had strong ties among their associations including relatives, friends and community. The results further found that youth was an active participant in different political activities such as involvement in community matters, organizing seminars on social issues, participation in campaign raising walks, participation in civic engagement and association with formal or informal organization. The study also provided the findings regarding relationship of respondents’ social network support with political participation with the correlation value .261**. The present study also provides few recommendations.

This study analyzed the design-build programs promoted by the Association of Humanitarian Architecture (AHA) in Taiwan in the last four years using participant observation combined with secondary qualitative study and documentation. Then, it used the Collaborative Construction Model established in the previous research for comparison. The objective is to provide international organizations planning to enter Asia-Pacific for collaborative construction with a comprehensive recommendation. We found that the participants in the cases built explicit knowledge by reading the construction manuals and then gained tacit knowledge from the local professionals and vocational-school teachers within subdivided learning and processing lines. The outcome demonstrated that such an approach allowed the participants with different backgrounds to work together effectively and leveraged the smaller number of on-site professionals. By using the natives’ tacit knowledge about their environment and local materials for collaborative construction, the participants experienced unexpected results and joys. It is common for Austronesian and agricultural residents to have constructional skills as their second professional specialty. The use of local professionals’ tacit knowledge to guide the participants during construction led to increased self-confidence and honor in the local professionals. Besides, by combining traditional and modern constructional methods, the dependency on industrialized products in remote areas could be reduced instead of using the simple construction system utilized in urban areas.

The article aims a) to study the question of peaceful coexistence between Christian Georgia and the Islamic World; b) to discuss and explore the policy of tolerance of other religions pursued by Georgian King David IV the Builder and his successors in their Muslim subjects. It is suggested that the status of the Muslim population in the Christian Kingdom of Georgia resembled that of the dhimmis (or members of the “protected” communities) in the Islamic states, although the Muslims living in the Kingdom of Georgia enjoyed more rights than the dhimmis in Islamic countries, legally and socially they were not equal with Christians. The methodological foundation of the research is the method of historicism, scholarly objectivity, and systematicity, which will enable us to explore the research issues deeply. Statistical, historical-comparative, and chronological methods will be the basis of the analysis of the historical data, and adequate conclusions will be reached. These methodologies made it possible to discuss the politics of religious tolerance from the analytic point of view based on that data and sources belonging to various types (narrative, epigraphic, documental) and various languages (Georgian, Armenian, Arabic, Persian and Turkish). The 12th-13th century Georgian literature and historical sources, expressing negative feelings towards Islam, keep silent about the policy of Georgian kings towards their subjected Muslim population. However, the works of Arab and Persian authors, dating from the same period, contain information concerning this fact. One part of these sources will be studied from the standpoint of the history of Georgia for the first time.

This study investigates the contents of official parliamentary websites in the 36 State Houses of Assembly of Nigeria to determine how they facilitate effective engagement between citizens and their elected representatives. Parliaments represent the interests of citizens and therefore remain critical to democracy and good governance. There- fore, for effective citizens’ engagement, ensuring the online presence, and; enhancing the transparency of internal processes, parliaments leverage information and communication technology globally. The methodology includes a manual test based on categories and critical sub-factors in line with Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) Guidelines. Desk research was also used to determine technical challenges for the implementation of e-parliament. The findings reveal that 36% of the state assemblies have official websites. Five are fully functional, and just five state legislatures effectively utilize interactivity tools to re-engage the citizens. Results show that 58% of the state legislatures use social media tools such as Facebook and Twitter. The authors concluded that in enhancing civic participation, state legislatures need to provide a relatively open, more responsive, accessible, and interactive website while extending medial social tools.

This study examined the effects of future career interest in science and gender, both used as moderator variables, on students’ acquisition of science process skills when taught Basic Science with simulated laboratory and enriched laboratory guide material experiments. It adopted the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental design with a 3x2x2 factorial matrix. Participants in the study included 277 (130 males, 147 females; ± 17years) junior secondary three students randomly selected from six purposively chosen secondary schools based on the existence of functional computer and physics laboratories. Science process skills test in Basic Science (r = 0.72) and Future career interest in science questionnaire (r = 0.99) were used to collect the data, which were processed using analysis of covariance and estimated marginal means in order to test three null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Future career interest in science significantly affected students’ science process skills acquisition in Basic Science. At the same time, there was none for gender nor interaction effect between future career interest in science and gender. Thus, students’ acquisition of science process skills depends largely on future career interest in science which determines effective participation in Basic Science activities, especially laboratory experiments. It is recommended that teachers are acquainted with students’ future career interests in science and utilize the same to encourage effective participation in Basic Science practicals. This could assist students in acquiring science process skills needed to experience and practice science for better performance in biology, chemistry, and physics at the post-basic education level in Nigeria.

This study aims to examine the use of Orang Asli indigenous knowledge of their 'green technology' to practice environmental sustainability and conserve natural resources now and later on to make the earth 'greener.' The study employed a descriptive case study qualitative approach which used in-depth interview, field observation, and document analysis as an exploration instrument. The design of the conceptual framework was framed based on two themes; Indigenous Medicine (IM) and Indigenous Handicraft (IH). This research was carried out at Orang Asli settlements in 4 states: i) Selangor, ii) Perak, iii) Terengganu, and iv) Pahang, which involved six informants aged 30 and older. The study's findings will be valuable for sharing Orang Asli IKGT and providing the main strategies in which the benefits of utilizing their green practices in the future world would outweigh its cost. Orang Asli IKGT's framework can be used by the current society as a guide to lessen carbon footprint and others harm evolved. In addition, it serves as a basic or medium for all levels; institutional, regional, national, and local scales aspire to launch sustainability programs locally or internationally and expand economic and market forces while safeguarding cultural diversity.

This study aimed to investigate the challenges encountered by the indigenous students in assessing quality education in the mountainous area of Lanao Kapanglao. It is located in the Northern part of the Municipality of Glan, 42 kilometers travel and 12 hours hike from the barangay proper of Datal Bukay, Glan Sarangani Province, Philippines. Furthermore, this study also examined the students' demographic profile, ethnic traditions, and daily lifestyle and the difficulties experienced by the teachers assigned in this remote and marginalized area. The respondents of this study were Forty (40) indigenous students from different grade levels. These pupils belong to the one and the most unfortunate and unprivileged pupils in the whole country. Likewise, all students belonged to a very low-income family with a P1000 monthly income and were forced to take absences in school to work on their local farms. Moreover, their school lacks school materials due to the lack of funding and poor accessibility; this condition hampers the students from learning. Even the classroom used was not conducive. Electrification also is a major problem in the community. Hence, the teacher also cannot use their multi-media as an aid in teaching. Overall, their rich indigenous traditions were practiced frequently in their community. On the basis of the findings, recommendations for the government and policymakers are enlisted. These recommendations are aimed to help the students and teachers of Lanao Kapanglao.

The purpose of this study is to come up with a model for student engagement. Random purposive sampling is used. The respondents were 421 students of the professional school. Four sets of questionnaires on a five-point Likert rating scale were prepared. The data obtained were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted utilizing the descriptive-correlation method with mean, Pearson r, linear regression, and structural equation modeling. The researchers concluded that identity orientation, 21st-century skills, classroom management strategies of teachers, and student engagement are interpreted as very high. Also, the results revealed that all latent variables showed a significant relationship with student engagement. Furthermore, identity orientations, 21st-century skills, and classroom management strategies significantly influence student engagement. Moreover, Model 5 was the most parsimonious model after satisfying all the criteria of a best-fit structural model. This model indicates that student engagement is a function of classroom management strategies, improving student learning.

This action research aims to explore how to promote English speaking opportunities among the English as Second Language (ESL) learners in large classes towards the application of the combining arrangement activities. The research design followed the mixed methods in which surveys and documentary analysis were used for the data collection process. The samples in this study were 48 Grade 11 students in an international demonstration school. According to the research results, there was a 21% increase in the number of students who often participated in English speaking activities while there was a 26% decrease in the number of students who only sometimes participated in such activities. Compared to the pre-intervention period, although 52% felt neutral towards the following statement, 46% of the students supported that the intervention activities effectively increased their English speaking opportunities in class. Regarding the design of the intervention activities, their common features include split information, individual task, mutual dependency, E-shape seating arrangement, direct communication, self-reflection, individual grading, problem-solving or critical thinking experiences, and entertaining or inter- esting content. In this research, the invention activities were mostly simulation games, role-plays and role-played speeches, and case-based group discussions, which encouraged the students to communicate with the whole class in English, learn new vocabularies and expressions, promote competitiveness and teamwork, and reduce the learners’ stress with fun and low-pressure environment.

In the era of trade liberalization marked with mega competition, investors have been more freely to invest. For that the recipient of capital must prepare various means to attract investors. Consideration for potential investors, if he wants to invest his capital abroad is the existence of dispute resolution institutions between investors and the host country. In Indonesia after the Capital Market Law settlement of investment disputes, in the resolution of investment disputes between investors and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia through arbitration institutions. Indonesia has ratified the New York Convention 1958, then the convention becomes national law. This means that the foreign arbitral award will automatically be recognized and enforceable in Indonesia. Arbitration institutions as one of the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ARD) in Indonesia has been legitimately stronger with the enactment of Arbitration and ADR law. With the issuance of this law, doubts on the execution of arbitral awards, especially international arbitral awards can be minimized. Thus, the arrangements of foreign investment in Indonesia should also be harmonize with the regulations of International Law, in this case the International Trade Law of GATT/WTO and International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Convention on the settlement of investment disputes between States and Nationals of other States. This does not mean that Indonesia has transferred its sovereignty to the International Law, since the principles of GATT/WTO has exceptions and the implementation of the ICSID Convention in dispute resolution should have prior written approval from the Government of Indonesia.

The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to find out the longevity practices of healthy and happy octogenarians who have long retired from their full employment in the academe. This study contains the longevity practices of three cases gathered through in-depth interviews involving two women and one man with ages 82, 85, and 88, coded as Grandma Bag, Papa Harry, and Fertile Granny. For triangulation, three persons who personally knew the subjects were also interviewed for each case. What enabled these animated octogenarians to live so long is an invaluable life lesson to be profoundly considered. Seven themes common to the three cases and three case-distinct themes were generated from the study through content analysis and cross-case analysis. The themes were the practices for the long life of the three octogenarians. The longevity practices common to all three cases are as follows: being happy, church involvement, regular check-ups, work engagement, healthy diet, exercise, and socialization. For the unique practices in each case, they are as follows: observance of 10-minute reaction time before any activity for Case A, helping the needy for Case B, and no to bottled water and drinks for Case C. The result of the study is beneficial to the succeeding generations, especially the retiring sexagenarians (aged 60-69) in the academe, who are beset with stressful pedagogical activities.

This study aimed to determine the discursive devices used in the news headlines, unravel the ideologies of the media practitioners, and reveal the insights that can be generated from the findings. Thirty headlines were gathered from five major online news portals in the Philippines: ABS-CBN, CNN Philippines, GMA, Interaksyon, and Rappler. This is a qualitative study that is seen from Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in 1995. Results showed ten discursive devices used in the headlines by media practitioners to attract attention from readers that may direct them to read the headline and read the entire article. It was also found out that the devices brought out media practitioners’ ideologies. It was further found that writers or editors were objective or neutral, subjective or biased, and misleading. The selection of the words used in the headlines showed the political dispositions of the news practitioners who intentionally choose only those speeches or news that may create sensational feelings among the readers. The writer or editor’s judgment angle reflected how he or she wanted the readers to perceive the issue. Furthermore, the results of this study may provide ideas to news consumers to not just read the headlines but read the entire article so that they may know if the headline matches its content and that they may be able to identify if the issue is true or not if it is slanted or sensationalized.

The research aims to establish methods to optimize social media engagement further and to increase revenues for businesses. The theoretical basis for this paper is the Media Richness Theory (MRT) by Daft and Lengel (1986), who originally made statements about the most suitable communication channel regarding its media richness for a given communication situation. The study conducted for this paper is quantitative. The data were gathered from a social media page with over 30,000 followers, and the analysis was conducted with a sample size of 315 Facebook posts. Our study continues a thread of research that investigates the application of the MRT to social media engagement. The study results did not only debunk commonly accepted social media myths about post time and day of the week, but they also confirmed previous studies are claiming celebrity endorsement, media richness, and its components to have significant effects.

This research studied the relationship between Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and university students’ information literacy from two aspects: the number of VLE platforms’ influence on students’ information literacy; the quality and quantity of sources students tend to search and use VLE required course. University students’ different information literacy levels result in varying degrees of acceptance in VLE required environments; the various VLE involved environments have some interrelationship with students. The researchers predicted that if the number of VLE platforms students could access is higher then higher information literacy level university students would reach. Students’ information literacy levels could be evaluated by the quality and quantity of their sources. However, the relationships between the number of VLE platforms, students’ information literacy, and the source quality and quantity are not simply pairwise correlations. The research was located in Zhejiang, China; 160 students from five universities were randomly selected to participate in the study. Both questionnaires and interviews were conducted in the case study to collect relevant data. The data analysis exhibited that the number of VLE platforms accessible for students on campus has a weak positive correlation; however, students’ familiarity with a certain number of different VLE platforms is relatively more influential on students’ information literacy level.

This study considers experienced immediate employees' negative workplace gossip as a social stressor and examines its spillover effect on the supervisor's family satisfaction. Based on the integration of the work-family interface model and boundary theory, our study investigates the influence of perceived subordinates' negative workplace gossip on the supervisor's family satisfaction through the mediation of the supervisor's Work-Family Conflict (WFC) and moderation Work-Home Segmentation Preferences (WHSP). The result from three waves (N = 326) reveals that immediate employees' negative workplace gossip is negatively related to supervisor family satisfaction, and the supervisor's WFC mediates this relationship. Additionally, WHSP mitigates the mediating effect of WFC between subordinates' negative workplace gossip and supervisor family satisfaction. The data hold while controlling the family role conflict, family role ambiguity, and general job stress. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings and future research are discussed.

This study explored the perspectives of teachers and students regarding the academic and socio-emotional benefits of Peer Tutoring (PT) as a strategy to support students with Specific Learning Difficulties (SpLD) in middle schools in Saudi Arabia. The research was prompted by the recent expansion of special education services in Saudi Arabia to include primary and middle school students and the introduction of new teaching methods to enhance the learning experiences of SpLD students. A qualitative case study was conducted in six inclusive schools running active PT programs for at least one year to ensure that participants had sufficient experience to develop an informed opinion on the benefits of this approach. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 9 Special Education Need (SEN) teachers responsible for implementing PT in their schools, 18 mainstream students who played the role of tutors, and 19 SpLD students who played the role of tutees. Participants’ perceptions were further examined using data collected from observations of student roles and behaviors during 16 PT sessions. The findings indicate that PT was perceived as an effective method for providing academic support for SpLD students and was associated with improved academic performance, motivation, and participation. However, SEN teachers and students expressed different perceptions about the efficacy of this technique in supporting the development of social and emotional skills among SpLD students. These differences may be attributable to a lack of systematic planning and supervision before and during PT sessions, reflected in limited awareness among students regarding the objectives of PT programs. Based on the findings outlined above, there is strong evidence for integrating PT programs into Saudi schools as a supplement to lecture-style classes, given the potentially academic, social, and emotional benefits that this approach offers to SpLD students.

This research aimed to describe the experiences of teachers in Davao City, Philippines with multiple ancillary functions. Employing a phenomenological approach among 18 teacher participants, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted. Results revealed that most participants experienced positive gains from their experiences which challenged them to aspire more advancement for themselves. The themes generated were endurance, perseverance, risk-taking competence, and determination. Coping mechanisms of the participants included proper planning and time management, optimism and positivity, achieving life-work balance, and an inspiration and support system. Despite the rigors of life as teachers with multiple ancillary functions, they shared positive insights about their experiences on commitment and dedication, being positive, prospects for growth and development, and as a testament of faith and trust in one’s abilities. Multiple ancillary functions of teachers draw powerful advantages in terms of personal and professional development. It also has a broader implication for all the educators in the country.

This study was conducted to theoretically develop and empirically test to explore the best fit model of millennial tourist behavior towards tourism in Davao Region, Philippines. Structural equation was utilized in this study to test the causal relationship between variables. A total of 553 survey questionnaires was collected from selected millennial tourist in Davao Region. The data were obtained at the pre-departure area of Davao City Airport and selected major tourism destinations of Davao Region. Descriptive statistics, Pearson R, Stepwise Regression, and Goodness of Fit Test were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that tourist attitude, tourist motivation, social media, tourist visit intention, and tourist behavior were all rated as moderately high. Furthermore, tourist attitude, tourist motivation, social media, and tourist visit intention were highly correlated with tourist behavior. Meanwhile, tourist visit intention and tourist attitude were the best predictor of tourist behavior while tourist motivation and social media were the least predictors. Furthermore, the final model passed all the goodness-of- fit indices criteria. The implication of these findings can be applied to the enhancement of tourism destination competitiveness.

This paper aims to identify the key drivers of credibility in eWord-of-Mouth based on a comprehensive literature analysis and a field study. To gather the data, an online questionnaire (n = 161) is used. The results demonstrate that credibility is predominantly influenced by source, message, and media credibility. Since social media sources are often anonymous, credibility surrogates need to be identified: this paper gives evidence that expertise/know-how, style of speech, and logic/structure of message reasoning are perceived as the credibility drivers. Concerning media credibility, ease of navigation/usability and structure were identified as key drivers. Visual elements and interactivity were not identified as significant drivers of media credibility. From a practical perspective, collecting, systematizing, filter, and analyzing positive and negative recommendations is particularly important for firms. Moreover, companies should support consumers in writing high-quality reviews by offering templates.

This research’s aims are the following: 1) To study sustainability development perceptions, consciousness, behavior, including sufficiency economy behavior, religiosity, family relation, quality of life, and happiness of Thais; 2) To study the relationship between sustainability development perceptions, consciousness, behavior, sufficiency economy behavior, religiosity, family relation, quality of life, and happiness of Thais; 3) To study effects of sustainability development perceptions, consciousness, behavior, including sufficiency economy behavior, religiosity, and family relation on the quality of life and happiness of Thais. This research used a survey design to study Thais nationwide. The sample was composed of 1,517 Thais from 5 central, eastern, northern, and southern and Bangkok regions. The sample was sampled by proportional quota. Research data were collected by questionnaires in which reliability was in the range from .889 to .968. Data were computerized and analyzed by the Statistical Package Software. The research results found that sustainability development perception affected sustainable development consciousness, behavior, sufficiency economy behavior, religiosity, family relation, quality of life, and happiness. There was a positive correlation between all variables. Sustainability development behavior affected the quality of life and happiness when controlling sustainability development perception, sufficiency economy behavior, religiosity, and family relation. The finding implies that the Thai government, business, and educational organizations should promote perception, consciousness, and behavior on sustainable development for the growth of nations.

This study aims to compare the strategy development of cultural villages that have different types of attractions, whether there is any characteristic difference of cultural village strategy in terms of attractions, accessibility, amenities, and ancillary aspect. Two cultural villages with different tourism attractions were used as a case study; those are Kamasan cultural village in Klungkung Regency with handicraft attractions and Pemuteran cultural village in Buleleng Regency with marine activities (adventurous tourism). The study was conducted qualitatively with the case study approach by comparing cases with very different types of attractions. The data was collected by in-depth interview, observation, and documentation with qualitative descriptive analysis technique (Miles and Huberman, 1994). Interviews were conducted with business actors and tourists by using the random sampling method. The interview was ended when data reached saturation. The finding revealed differences in the strategy development of cultural villages, particularly in the characteristic of amenities (i.e., homestay, hotel, inn, and villa). A Cultural village with handicraft attractions has very few accommodations because tourists usually visit for a short time and have a specific interest in arts and culture (purposeful type of cultural tourist). While the cultural village with marine activities has a large number of different types of accommodations. The majority of tourists spend more time to experience the adventure (sightseeing and casual cultural tourists) .

The objective of the current study is to review the prior studies regarding calendar anomalies. For this purpose, the current study has adopted the review methodology and identified the most important studies in this area. Furthermore, the findings of these studies have been reviewed and summarized. By reviewing the previous studies, the current study has noted the growing inclination of recent studies to examine these anomalies. Also, the prevalence of these anomalies is documented in recent studies. The current study is among the first of those studies which have provided a comprehensive review of the previous studies conducted on the calendar anomalies. These summarized reviews of previous research findings may help future research studies hold a basic understanding of the existence of calendar anomalies in the world equity markets.

Competitiveness and its study is a global issue. Competitiveness can be therefore analyzed at the level of the world economy, but can be also described on a smaller scale, for instance on the lower parts of the global hierarchy, meaning the nation. So, as far as our topic is concerned, we can deal with role played by Turkey in the globalized market economy or the situation of given actors of a given sector of the Turkish national economy. In our present paper, we would like to concentrate on the interaction of space and economy. We are convinced that we can speak of the competitiveness of geographical units, such as regions and provinces, as well as of the competitiveness of the economic sector most utilizing them, the tourism industry. So, our goal is to show how interrelated these two phenomena are the competitiveness of regions and the competitiveness of the tourism industry, one of the key sectors of the Turkish national economy.

The exploratory paper will present a case study incorporating active learning classroom teaching and technology and exploring the advantages and challenges they present to both students and faculty. As educational technologies continue to expand, American higher education has witnessed radical transformation to provide students a more integrated and multi-dimensional educational experience. This con- vergence of technology and student expectations of Generation Z has led to redefined learning and teaching models. While hitting the sweet spot of technology and learning expectations may need more data and research, the balance can be optimized in blended learning classrooms. Results from the case study indicate that the grade point average increased, and students were satisfied with the blended learning experience, although challenges persisted for both students and faculty. A practical framework to reimagine the role of technology in higher education to create a student-centered ecosystem that empowers learning experiences is presented, along with recommendations on how faculty and institutions could be embracing technology to enhance student outcomes.

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of encouraging low-income parents to save for their children through a savings program offered in public schools. Since children’s savings have long-lasting effects on college entrance and graduation rates, this paper looked specifically at the relationship between parents’ savings values and whether they opened a savings account for their child. A convenience sampling design was used to recruit schools for this study. A total of 17 public elementary schools was recruited for this study with a sample of 1,764 respondents. The survey instrument used in this study consisted of 13 four-point Likert scaled items and 13 other short answers, multiple-choice or fill-in-the-blank questions. Covariates including individual characteristics of the parents and household characteristics were examined to see if they were significantly related to whether or not a child’s savings account was opened. Implications of the findings concerning early intervention work with parents are discussed, as are recommendations for future research with low-income families.

This study aims to examine the level of management knowledge of the woodcraft artisans in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study belongs to qualitative descriptive research. It was conducted at industrial woodcraft center in Patuk Village, Gunung Kidul Regency, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sixty-two respondents were selected randomly out of 627 people profess woodcraft artisans from 7 locations. Purposive sampling was used, and the data was collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observation methods. Then, the data were analyzed using interactive techniques, including data reduction, presentation, and verification. The result shows that the knowledge level of the wood artisans for the management basic concepts is categorized as good (71.5%), for the business planning is categorized as adequate (69.1%), and for the business, organization is also adequate (61.5%). Furthermore, the level of knowledge for the briefing aspect is good (76.9%) and for the quality control is modest (57.3%). Overall, the level of management knowledge is still categorized as modest since out of four aspects; the briefing is the only good aspect. Meanwhile, the other three aspects belong to the adequate and modest level. This subject is caused by the socio-cultural factor in the society, which tends to be more socio-collective than professional. The previous researches mainly focus on management and art craft production. This paper provides the information to connect the subject to the knowledge of management for artisans.

Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), which emerged from Russia in the 1960s, has been introduced to Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC) since 2011 to train undergraduate and pre-university students in problem solving. This paper takes a step away from conventional TRIZ literature by exploring the benefits and challenges of teaching TRIZ to pre-university students. The study serves as a preliminary study of the TRIZ program and uses quantitative and qualitative methods on 28 students to gauge the effectiveness of TRIZ tools in supporting problem finding and idea finding in solving complex ill-structured problems. Descriptive analysis shows the improvement in problem finding, idea finding, and overall problem solving after the TRIZ program. The benefits of each TRIZ tool in problem finding and idea finding were uncovered through the open-ended survey. Students also reported the benefits and challenges of learning TRIZ. This paper is potentially useful for TRIZ instructors on how to effectively teach TRIZ to pre-university students.

This study highlights the momentous impacts of scientific and technological revolution in all aspects of person’s life, particularly on education. The objective of the study is to analyze the current status of mobile learning at Kuwait University by providing data on the real use of mobile learning technologies by faculty members and the different aspects of such usage. To conduct a research random sampling technique was used, and the main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed and tested by consulting specialists in the field of mobile learning and educational psychology field. The study was conducted on 30 individuals. The findings of the study highlight the teachers perception towards Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the classroom , their advantages and affect on teacher perception. Hence, it is concluded that, introduction of ICT in the classroom is very helpful for teaching and learning. However, it is essential that future studies investigate the usability and suitability of ICT use as a tool for learning in public schools from various teachers as well as from learners' perspectives.

This study aims to investigate the learning styles dimension of students in MOOC learning and propose a MOOC development model that is adaptive to learning styles. A mixed-method approach was adopted in this study to investigate the learning styles dimension of students in MOOC learning based on Felder and Silverman's (1988) Learning Style Model. Samples for the quantitative and qualitative studies were 50 and 20 students, respectively. The interview consists of 14 questions, and 11 students were involved in the interview. The results from the survey analysis revealed that the highest dimension among the eight learning styles is visual learner 76% while the result from the interview session is also confirmed visual (24.24). In order to propose a MOOC development model that is adaptive to students learning styles, a literature study was conducted. The study revealed the preferred learning styles dimensions and patterns proposed suitable for an adaptive MOOC content development model.

The purpose of this study is to identify important social factors which influence students in choosing between foreign and Lithuanian universities for a college education. The research used a longitudinal study approach, where the same respondent is repeatedly observed over several time instances. A system theory approach was applied for data gathering and analysis. This was done by identifying state and the environmental values and their interactions in terms of which the student's observed behavior can be explained. Data were gathered by observing students' surroundings at their universities, semi-structured interviews with study participants, and structured questionnaires. Fifty students, some of whom have emigrated for studies in Great Britain and others who have stayed in Lithuania, have been followed by our team for almost five years. The research identified significant changes with time in the values and importance of variables characterizing the students, finding a greater than anticipated influence of peers and personal contacts on the behavior of the research participants. In contrast, economic considerations seem to have been of less significance than anticipated in modulating the behavior of both kinds of students. The study makes it possible to understand how the environments could be changed to choose studies at Lithuanian universities or return to Lithuania after graduating. This knowledge may be useful for policymakers at various levels of the education system.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the needs of different types of families in Taiwan, have for preschools. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit 272 dual-income families, 154 single-parent families, 117 skipped-generation families, 142 new-immigrant families, and 62 others. The results indicate that single-parent families need “flexible services,” the new-immigrant families need “various talents,” the dual-income families need “life education” and “home-school relationship.” These findings suggest that preschools that understand the differing needs of different family types will be better positioned to implement a program that gives due consideration to the education and welfare of the children themselves and satisfies the family’s needs. It is expected that the results will help preschools set up learning environments which meet children’s learning and needs of the different types of family.

In the light of globalization, national education strategies in many countries consider the need to preserve their small rural schools. The study aimed to analyse the small schools’ survival strategies and the attitudes towards their role in the development of rural communities. The data obtained during the comparative project "Rural Depopulation and the Governance of Education: Comparative Study of Latvia and Norway" was used. A comparative quantitative survey of municipalities, a survey of school administrations, and a set of comparative case studies carried out in rural areas of Latvia and Norway enable multi-faceted analysis of the role of small schools within different governance and education systems. The causes of school closures and the resulting problems are similar in both countries; however, the rationale and the attitude of stakeholders are significantly different.

This study focuses on migrants and non-migrants regarding their ideas/suggestions and contributions to the changes in the practices of two traditional festivals, the Water Festival and the Light Festival in Za Yet Pyin village Ramree Island the Rakhine State of Myanmar. The study aims to provide answers by investigating the relationship between actors' roles (migrants/villagers) and the networks founded by migrants. The unit of analysis was distinguished into non-migrants (current residents) and migrants (temporary returnees for Water Festival). The data collection processes such as key informant interviews and participant observation were applied in the research. When recruiting participants, a total of 22 people (10 Females and 12 Males) were accessed. By comparing the pre-migration past and the current migration era, any significant changes in traditional festivals' practices are presented and analyzed, which will bring new findings and insight into the area of migration study in relation to the practice of traditional festivals.

This study is aimed to analyze the relationship between teacher efficacy and teacher attitude toward inclusive education reviewed by teaching experiences in private elementary schools in Jakarta and Depok. Ninety-seven private elementary teachers are involved in this research. This quantitative study uses the Teacher's Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) to measure teacher efficacy and the Multidimensional Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education Scale (MATIES) to measure teachers' attitudes. The result reveals that there is a significant positive correlation between teacher efficacy and teacher attitude towards inclusive education (r (97) = 321, p < .01). It shows that when the teachers have high efficacy about their competence, their attitude towards inclusive education increases. On the other side, the relationship between two variables, when reviewed by teaching experiences, varies. This study also shows there is no differences in teacher efficacy (F(94)= .212, p > .05) and teacher attitude (F(94) = .335, p >. 05) for the teacher with different teaching experiences. This study reveals that teacher with different teaching experiences have the same belief about their competence as a teacher and have the same attitude toward inclusive education.

The main aim is to explore how local identity is being expressed in contemporary urban development in Saudi Arabia. The paper addresses this aim by reviewing the case study design, which is the most appropriate research method that widely helps in assessing two case studies of urban development in two main cities in Saudi Arabia, namely the traditional city of Jeddah and the new masterplan of KAEC, to identify how flexible are the key Islamic socio-cultural determinants in terms of designing residential neighborhoods, housing design, and built environment generally to accommodate people from different socio-cultural backgrounds. The outcomes of this study would help stakeholders and other researchers to better understand the basic Islamic determinants in terms of urban development, which do not distinguish between people from different socio-cultural backgrounds when it comes to forming the built environment, as they are mainly focused on achieving public benefits such as maintaining neighbors' rights.

This research is based on the government's way of giving facilitation to people regarding the implementation of tax obligation by establishing Government Regulation No. 46 2013. This research is purposed to explain influence variables of awareness tax, understanding of tax, self-assessment system, and the willingness to pay tax is significant, but socialization is not significantly influenced in taxpayers' compliance. The research method that is used is disexplanatory research with a quantitative approach. Data collection was done by using a questionnaire for 100 MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise) owners who are registered in tax office Pratama Pontianak, West Kalimantan. Using descriptive analysis and helped by SEM-PLS, this study showed that the Variable ability taxpayer awareness, understanding tax-payer, socialization, and self-assessment tax system in explaining the willingness to pay taxes was 9.7%. In contrast, the taxpayer understanding, socialization, and self-assessment tax system to the Taxpayer Compliance was 67.70% in contrast to the ability variable in explaining the taxpayer's consciousness.

The paper implicates the study of the health impact due to air pollution in East Delhi. Air pollution causes deterioration in the health status of people, due to which a major proportion of their income is incurred on medical expenditure. The major objective of this research is to approximately appraise the benefit that an individual would attain in East Delhi, if there is a reduction in air pollution in this region, or similarly reiterated, an increment in the air quality of the regions located in East Delhi. The research methodology engages a household production function model which is based on a household survey of areas which are within half a kilometer distance from the main air pollution monitoring stations of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) located at Anand Vihar, Nizamuddin, Shahdara and Dilshad Garden. This model is used to determine the relationships among the willingness of the people to pay for a reduction in pollution, cost of treatment, both direct and indirect costs. The method of computing the monetary benefits of reducing air pollution involves the regressing number of sick days on environment quality, mitigating activity, stock of health capital, and stock of social capital. The paper investigates that indoor pollution, ambient air pollution, and poor health stock increase the proba- bility of falling sick. This reduced probability of falling sick implies a monetary benefit that individuals will acquire due to a reduction in air pollution. Various factors, including nutrition, eating habits, usage of heat-generating electronic devices, etc., are related to the number of sick days that a person has. An increase in the aforementioned independent activities decreases the dependent variable (no. of sick days). The study holds a significant role in spreading awareness about air pollution among the people in Delhi and helps us to identify the reasons for high indoor pollution in various regions of Delhi. By safeguarding the health of the individuals, the society would contribute to the building up of human capital, which is more productive and efficient, since health is a crucial constituent of human capital.

As global warming becomes more substantial, office buildings in Malaysia widely use air conditioning as an active design solution to cool the building. However, thermal comfort is often a problem in many offices using a centralized air conditioner where occupants complain that the indoor climate is too cold. The overcooling effect is a result of over-specification of air conditioning systems, which lead to in-efficient energy consumption and thermal discomfort. This paper identifies and explains the underlying causes of over-specification of air conditioning systems. The investigation focuses on understanding the factors affecting active design decisions. A total of 39 construction consultants participated in face-to-face interviews that were conducted in individual and group meetings. Research findings revealed that the problem could be attributed to the practice of quick solutions, resistance from design consultants, a 'bigger is better' mentality, unsupportive fee structures, and poor testing and commissioning practices. The highest contributing factor is the resistance of design consultants to change and consider new solutions that break away from customary practices. The research findings provide useful information to policy makers regarding the over-cooling phenomenon in Malaysia and highlight the importance of energy efficient regulations to be imposed.

This research would answer the question about the significance of the urgency. Normative method research and work method would be employed, which include: (1) collecting data and information (rules, books, seminar, research or other references, website and interview); (2) substance and information compilation; (3) Assessment and analyzing (Focus Group Discussion/FGD); and (4) the preparation of the subject matter of an academic paper (analytical descriptive form). The theory development of this research would be implicated in constitutional law, whereas practically the Local Act Draft on CSR will be implemented in Way Kanan. The result represented that Local Act Draft on CSR arranged by the companies program's legal certainty and legal protection purposes and provide guidance for all of the companies and even stakeholders to work together with Way Kanan Local Government for development program. That is why, Way Kanan Local Government will need to review and prepare the regulation regents.

This exploratory study is aimed to investigate learners’ insights on the suitability of mass lecture and its reasons based on genders’ experience. Having to cope with many students, many universities have been practicing mass lecture with no limitation to any particular field of studies (Bowman and Mete, 2014). In ESL classrooms, the mass lecture has become more common as one of the possible solutions for the shortage of workforce or English language teachers and lecturers, including in Malaysia. However, the students’ experience in mass lectures in learning the second language may vary due to the gender differences in language learning. In this quantitative study, a set of questionnaires was used as the instrument for data collection. The sample of this study was a total of 206 students from a local university. Significantly, it was found that mass lecture in language learning is perceived suitable by both male and female students. Nevertheless, there is a difference in the views of male and female students regarding learning speaking in mass lectures.

This research provides a detailed literary investigation of current literature on social media and social entrepreneurship. A conceptual framework that depicts the role of social media in social entrepreneurship is developed. Furthermore, extensive research on the different technology adoption theories and frameworks was conducted to identify key social media factors for social entrepreneurial adoption. A social media adoption model has been proposed that depicts the adoption steps and integrates the identified factors as the key to the adoption process. The analysis shows that intention to return home induces remittances in terms of amount per year and proportion to income. Having further considered the determinants to return home of workers, income and employment satisfaction seem not to affect their decisions as hypothesized significantly. On the other hand, they are preferably satisfied in legal issues, particularly visa regulations and labor protection, and they became important negative factors of intention to return. This research provides valuable insights into social media's role in social entrepreneurship and the social media adoption process in social enterprises. Social entrepreneurs can use the findings of this research to facilitate the social media adoption process in their entrepreneurial ventures and can be used by academics for further research.

This study was conducted focusing on critical thinking ability development through the application of mixed techniques and a series of mini-lecture, KWL/T-P-S, and presentations. The samples of this study were two groups of 3rd-year pre-service teachers studying in social studies major: 37 students for group 1 and 47 students for group 2. After the instruction was accomplished, an opinion investigation and satisfaction survey were taken. The instruments were (1) a course syllabus based on mixed technique, (2) a critical thinking evaluation form, and (3) opinion investigation and satisfaction survey forms. The statistical treatment used was the calculation of frequency, mean, deviation, and t-test. Consequently, the results of this study were concluded as follows: (1) The pre-service teachers’ critical thinking after the implementation of Mixed Technique was not different from that of a series of Mini-Lecture, T-P-S/KWL and Presentation. (2) Their opinions and satisfaction towards the learning activities were positive. That is, they were satisfied with a wide range of teaching methods which was able to sustain their concentration and better support their learning. The development and comparison results yielded a reflection that the teaching methods were of a great practical contribution to make the critical thinking ability thrive among the students’ intellectual qualities, and the creation of innovative teaching ideas also playsTP important role in the leverage of further teaching profession and its career path.

This study attempted to strengthen pre-service English major teachers' academic English presentation ability through the instruction based on Miller's model and investigate their attitudes towards the teaching methodology. The cluster sampling was used in this study. Therefore, 26 pre-service teachers studying in the English major program were selected. The research instruments for the development were 1) a course syllabus whose instructional process was systematized according to Miller's model, 2) scholarly presentation knowledge and language tests, 3) assessment forms for both simulated and authentic presentation contexts, and 4) an attitude investigation form. Regarding the instructional stages of Miller's model: Knows, Knows how, Shows how and Does, the sampling group's range of score was classified into the lowest and the highest with their degrees of development as follows: 60% (average) and 90% (very good) for Knows, 70% (good) and 90% (very good) for Knows how, 60% (average) and 100% (very good) for Shows how and 72% (good) and 100% (very good) for Does. For their mean score of progress, 16 and 10 students scored in the very good and good levels. From the attitude investigation by open-ended questions, the results unfolded their positive attitudes towards the teaching methodology, which helped them learn, the learning atmosphere, and the teacher. The results indicate that the instruction model composed of cog- nitive and behavioral teaching steps is of great assistance for teachers to understand individual students' learning problems and academic needs. Furthermore, the use of this model can help them gain a good command of skills together with endurable understanding and prepare them to perform effectively and wisely in their careers and real world situations.

This is an exploratory descriptive research study undertaken to explore “What is the time and cost to make one hour of E-learning in New Zealand?” It seeks to investigate the time and cost involved in the development of one hour of E-learning in tertiary and corporate E-learning in NZ. Also, it seeks to establish any changes occurring in training and development and to determine the dynamics influencing the strategies and policies of those responsible for employee development. The study employed a web-survey delivered through e-mail. The survey questionnaire was sent to 200 E-learning development professionals in different industries. The return rate was 32%. The data were analysed using statistical analysis using pivot tables, Cronbach’s alpha, correlation and descriptive statistics. The findings imply that E-learning is not just a carrier for cutting costs and diminishing the learning options but, the needs of the learners and the business must take priority and shape our thinking as we consider the investment options for using technology to create a quality learning experience.

Twenty-first-century education requires wide-ranging knowledge and skills of teachers critically important to school's success. The value of soft skills becomes a trend. However, there has not been any study conducted on the soft skills proficiency level of the teachers and school performance in Sultan Kudarat. For this reason, the study aimed to determine teachers' soft skills proficiency level and school performance of selected schools in the Division of Sultan Kudarat. It also provided discussions on the relationship between teachers' soft skills proficiency level and school performance. A descriptive-correlation research method was used in this study: a descriptive research study aimed to determine the teachers' soft skills proficiency level and their school performance. Moreover, a correlational analysis was done to determine a significant relationship between teachers' soft skills proficiency level and their school performance. The researcher used a modified questionnaire, interview, and documentary analysis of the records taken from each school. The primary respondents of this study were the one hundred sixteen (116) teachers of Esperanza Central School, Kalawag Central School, and Tamang Central School in the Division of Sultan Kudarat S.Y 2015-2016. The results showed that teachers have high soft skills proficiency level (M = 4.08). Schools also showed differences in the level of performance for three (3) years. The results also revealed a significant relationship between teachers' soft skills proficiency level and school performance. This indicates that high-level of soft skills proficiency tend to improve the school performance. The findings study may serve as a basis for teachers and administrators to efficiently integrate soft skills to support and enhance school performance. The study may also contribute to the growing body of knowledge about the relationship of teachers' soft skills to school performance.

This study analyzed a correlation between intention to return home and remitting behaviors of Thai migrant workers in Australia and determinants of their decisions to return. Like other developing countries, Thailand’s economy considerably relies on international capital inflows, including workers’ remittance. Based on New Economics of Labor Migration and Three Waves Theory, the author hypothesized that remitting behaviors of Thai migrant workers in Australia correlate with their intention to return home. Further to test this hypothesis, this paper also identifies the determinants of return intention. The author surveyed a hundred Thai migrant workers in Australia, particularly in the service sector, and use Pearson Correlation and Stepwise Regression to analyze data. The results are reported in descriptive analysis. Correlation coefficients are used to quantify the association between continuous variables. The analysis shows that intention to return home induces remittances in terms of amount per year and proportion to income. Having further considered the determinants to return home of workers, income and employment satisfaction seem not to affect their decisions as hypothesized significantly. On the other hand, they are preferably satisfied in legal issues, particularly visa regulations and labor protections, and they became important negative factors of intention to return. Furthermore, international agreement and some legal instruments such as the agreement between Thailand and Australia for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion concerning taxes on income, Fair Work Act 2009 and Labor Protection Act B.E. 2541, are also used to deepen the understanding of the economic outcome.

This paper addresses the students’ attitudes toward the users and uses of English at King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok in Thailand. The participants were 550 non-English major first-year students from six different faculties. The students were required to study English in a foreign language learning environment where there is little immediate need to use English for real communication. The students’ attitudes regarding the users of English and the uses of English in five different contexts were investigated: personal, recreational, educational, professional, and international. A questionnaire assessing attitudes regarding three attitudinal components—affective, behavioral, and cognitive components—and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, and correlation coefficient. The findings revealed that the students from all six faculties had overall positive attitudes toward English, with the agro-industry students showing the highest mean score regarding English language users, while the industrial technology and management students showed the lowest mean scores in four contexts of language use; namely, recreational, educational, professional, and international. Moreover, the results indicated that most items rated as highly positive belonged to the cognitive component, while those rated as negative mostly came from the affective component. This paper also discusses some of the correlations among the six attitudinal aspects and pedagogical implications.

In this paper, Smart Schools in Malaysia and Iran will be examined and compared to understand what opportunities and barriers still exist for improving the value and access of these schools. A smart school is a learning institution that uses non-traditional means of instruction, teaching, and learning where school management is focused on helping students cope with and leverage changes brought about by, the information age. The smart school program will be examined for both the state-sponsored public sector (state schools) and privately funded sector (private schools). Globalization requires a more practical education system in which outputs can work in complicated situations with modern instruments. Many developing countries prefer to establish an education system with Smart Schools to achieve education quality closer to developed countries. Successful smart schools’ requirements are different from traditional schools in curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, teaching-learning material, management, visions, and stakeholder engagement. Malaysia successfully established this system from early 1996, and Iran has tried to also establish a smart school system since 2002.

Calculus is important in today’s mathematics. This paper investigated Taiwanese college students’ conceptions of mathematics by permeating mathematical culture in calculus. Forty-three college students who had a major in management participated in this study. A qualitative belief questionnaire, students’ in-class reports, and achievement tests were sources used to observe the development of students’ conceptions. In the beginning, there were 65.12% of students espousing narrow views, whereas it decreased to 34.88% at the end. Research shows that students with broad conceptions from 15 students increased to 28 students (increased to 86.67%). The research concludes that permeating mathematical culture into calculus teaching will improve students’ conceptions of mathematics towards a broader perspective. Based on the findings, we can design a curriculum to stimulate students towards the broader conceptions of mathematics in calculus. We suggest that permeating mathematical culture in calculus teaching is appropriate for encouraging students to hold broader conceptions.

The study investigated a senior high school’s Institutional Research (IR) experiment, aiming to provide evidence-based decision-making support to student recruitment policies and practices. Precisely, the study documented and analyzed how IR concepts and techniques could be used to support and benefit school management decision makings. The current IR model is structured with four analysis modules: (1) Enrollment source analysis, (2) School satisfaction questionnaire analysis, (3) Analysis of learning status, and (4) Analysis of teachers’ instructional quality. The study contributes to explore the potentials and limitations of IR on guiding school management strategies. Based on this research, new creative concepts and techniques are suggested to be brought into the educational area, and evidence-based decision-making is encouraged. A broader application of Big Data analysis or IR in schools will need more investigations in the future.

The researcher has conducted this study to assess the change management in Bahrain Training Institute, an academic institution that exists in the Kingdom of Bahrain. This is a government organization that contributes to the skills development of the national workforce in the country. The institute experienced some changes due to the transfer of its supervision from the Ministry of Labor to the Ministry of Education. Being a quasi-independent training institution under the Ministry of Labor to being a centralized institution based on the memorandum of Civil Service Bureau has brought some changes, mostly in the administrative aspect. The problem encountered is that both the academic and non-academic staff employees experience changes that positively and negatively affect their motivation, thus affecting the organizational outcomes. This paper applied the Prosci ADKAR Model to assess the organization's status and level of effectiveness in terms of its awareness, capability, and contribution to change. This study used the descriptive design and came up with a questionnaire and interview to gather data. This leads to encouraging trainers and other employees to embrace change for the benefit of all; improve the current practice of change management in the institute; conduct training and meetings, and communicate plans among each member of the organization. The output of this study will help the trainees cope with changes resulting in participation, thus achieving one common objective. Furthermore, this will help the top management realize that employee productivity increases when they feel supported.

The current study is an explanatory study that investigates the students’ perceptions of the effects of the mass lecture on learning four basic English language skills. The objectives of this study are i) is mass lecture suitable to be conducted to learn English language and ii) what are the suitable language skills to be learned in a mass lecture setting. A quantitative study was carried out, and the participants were 206 ESL students from one of the northern universities in Malaysia. It has been found that speaking skill receives negative feedback as to be learned in mass lecture setting whereas the other skills receive a positive one from the students. Factors like difficulties in getting feedback and attention from language instructors might be why students do not positively accept speaking. The result indicates that a mass lecture setting is suitable to be conducted in learning the English language. However, there is a limitation in which mass lecture setting is not suitable for learning speaking skills.

Therefore, this research paper aims at reviewing one of the most influential theories of second language acquisition, which is Contrastive Analysis theory, exploring and discussing its theoretical foundations along with assumptions and then elaborating on the achievements and limitations of this theory. This review study reveals that despite all the adverse criticism, Contrastive Analysis theory has proved to be one of the most significant studies ever made in describing systems of languages. It should also be noted that current research has revived interest in this theory as a complementary and necessary part of the theory of second language acquisition, one that cannot be ignored. Moreover, Contrastive Analysis theory remains an in􀅭luential construct in the field of second language acquisition, using comparisons of languages to explain areas of difficulty for learners. Following such a theory may contribute to a better understanding of the acquisition process of second language structures.

The objective of this paper is to propose an information governance model for the Ontario health care system. This study first defines information governance, describes information governance maturity level, and introduces the data governance model to achieve the goal. Then it explains the information governance model for the Ontario healthcare system, applies the model to a case study, and demonstrates how the model can be applied to identify key problems and suggest a future action plan. Using the Canadian healthcare system as the backdrop, the study, drawing on the eight principles of information governance outlined by the Association of Records Managers and Administrators (ARMA) and the Data Governance Model, proposes an information governance framework detailing how information should be governed from four dimensions: people, process, policy, and technology. The model is then applied to analyze a case study on the 18-month well-baby visit program. After analyzing the findings from the case, the paper concludes with the implications for healthcare practitioners. The study contributes to the academic study on information governance by offering a well-defined model to practitioners by suggesting effective approaches to information governance.

The purposes of this action research were to enhance student's ability in solving mathematical problems by applying Polya's Four-Steps in problem-solving (understanding problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back) and Schoenfeld's Behavior Categories (resources, heuristics, control, and belief systems), and to investigate students' attitude towards mathematical problem-solving The topics used in this study were principles of counting and probability. The participants were 35 Grade 11 students from a mathematics class at a secondary school in Bangkok, Thailand, studying in the second semester of 2015. The research instruments were 11 lesson plans on principles of counting and probability, two summative tests, and an attitude questionnaire on mathematical problem-solving. Teaching and learning lasted for 13 periods, with 50 minutes in each period. There were three cycles of action plan (plan, do check, and reflect). The problem-solving techniques from the two authors were integrated into each lesson. Data were collected and analyzed from tests, students' homework, teacher's-reflection, and attitude questionnaire. The results revealed that 80.19% of all students passed both summative tests in problem-solving. More than 93% of students applied Polya's steps 1, 2, and 3 in solving problems, but only 42.80% of students applied step 4. About 91% of students applied Schoenfeld's Behavior Categories, especially resources and heuristics. For the attitude questionnaire using the Likert Scale, the researcher divided it into three categories as follows: 1) Positive feeling towards mathematical problem solving, 2) Negative feeling towards mathematical problem solving, and 3) Applying Polya's Four-Steps and Schoenfeld's Behavior Categories. Most students showed positive feelings in the first category to solve mathematical problems (x̅ = 3.66, SD = 1.18). In the second category, the majority of students disagreed with this category. A few students felt uncomfortable solving mathematical problems (x̅ = 2.45, SD = 0.94). In the last category, many students applied Polya's Four-Steps and Schoenfeld's Behavior Categories (x̅ = 3.51, SD = 1.06). The findings will help student improve their mathematical problem solving skills.

This study aims to investigate the impact of social media on customers’ image of mobiles. The study population consists of mobile customers who are using social media in Amman. A convenience sample consisting of 500 customers was selected from the targeted population. Five hundred questionnaires were distributed over the study sample; 404 questionnaires were collected, which represent 80.8% of the total sample. The study results indicated that social media has an impact on customers’ image of mobiles. The study also found no statistical difference in social media impact on customers’ image for mobiles due to gender, and there is no statistical difference in social media impact on customers’ image for mobiles due to age. Moreover, there is no statistical difference in the impact of social media on customers’ image for mobiles due to income.

The study aimed to investigate the concept of creative teaching as perceived by university teachers and find out some factors that impacted their perceptions comprising gender, academic title, and degree. Data were collected from 164 English language teachers from five different private universities in Thailand using a 5-point rating scale questionnaire and analyzed through t-tests and One-Way Analysis of Variance. The findings reveal that teachers’ creative teaching perceptions based on the six categories, namely, school environment, personal quality, personal motivation, teaching belief, education and career experience, and thinking style, were high. Regarding background information, the factor of academic title was found to have an impact on perceptions. Teachers with the academic title had higher perceptions of creative teaching than those without the academic title in all categories, and significant differences were found in overall perceptions and two categories: personal motivation and thinking style (p < .05). However, the other factors comprising gender and degree did not affect their perceptions. The findings can be useful for administrators in all private universities when creativity and creative teaching were implemented in the curriculum.

The objectives of this research were (a) to develop Project-Based Learning (PBL) model to enhance educational media business ability for undergraduate students in Educational Technology and Communications Program (b) to study students’ educational media business ability (c) to compare the learning achievement before and after using PBL and (d) to study students’ opinions towards PBL. The samples of this research consisted of 37 undergraduate students studying in Educational Technology and Communications at Naresuan University. They were selected by purposive sampling. The instruments used to collect the data were PBL lesson plans to enhance educational media business ability, assessment form of educational media business evaluation project, pretest and posttest, and questionnaires. Data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test dependent, and content analysis. The results show that (a) the PBL model to enhance educational media business ability consisted of five elements: 1) principle and objective 2) learner and instructor 3) contents 4) Project-Based Learning activities, and 5) evaluation. (b) the students’ educational media business ability was at a high level through the process Project-Based Learning and projects work have the good to a very good level. (c) the students’ educational media business knowledge posttest scores were significantly higher than the pretest at a level of significance of .05. (d) the students’ opinions towards learning using Project-Based Learning were at the highest level. PBL leads to increased students’ ability to achieve better learning and project outcomes.

The present work examined the issues of political correctness embodied in language and practice of John and Carol. It also analyzed what the problem of political correctness itself depicted in Oleanna. Contention between John and Carol shows that the fall of politics of difference remained only deepened confrontation in American history. The result of their conflict is a bleak sociocultural wasteland; only violence can be preserved. Both rigid political languages categorizing people and total individualization without concerning socioeconomic context composing political agency is dangerous. Where the place for compromising is founded, real communication can occur. By unraveling political correctness, we could reinterpret the cultural specificity of America and its significance still existing today.

This paper focuses on the main Syrian allies’ foreign policies: Russia, China, and Iran. They maintain their policies not to intervene in the Syrian civil war. The paper also investigates Russia, China, and Iran’s foreign policies towards Syria since the 2011 Arab Spring. The analysis and argument are based on a realism lens and apply the game theory to test the hypothesis. This research examines how game-theoretic analysis of externals’ foreign policies have shown their national interests and strategic cooperation movement. Therefore, it has proven its interdependent strategies among the players (Syria and its allies). Thus, Constructivism theory is used to analyze the norms, beliefs, and ideas that shape a state’s foreign policy. This research paper argues that Syria’s external allies continue to support Syria to gain their common interests and play major roles in regional politics. Nevertheless, the relationship between Syria and its allies appears to be continued, and they will keep supporting the Assad regime. Finally, the research paper highlights the important motivations for policymakers of the Syrian allies that they are involved in the Syrian crisis acting on both regional and international stages.

The purpose of this action research was to develop students' mathematical reasoning ability based on a constructivist approach. The topic used in this study was 'functions.' The participants were 35 Grade 10 students from a mathematics class at a secondary school in Bangkok, Thailand, studying in 2015. The research instruments were nine lesson plans on functions, a formative test, and a summative test focusing on mathematical reasoning. In each lesson plan, the researcher integrated a constructivist approach and reasoning. In this action research, there were two cycles of the action plan. Each cycle was composed of planning, doing, checking, and reflecting. The criteria for evaluating students' reasoning ability were at least 70% of all students to pass both formative and summative tests. To pass each test, each student had to get at least 70% of total score. Teaching and learning lasted for 13 periods with 50 minutes in each period. The researcher applied open-ended problems and cooperative learning to construct students' knowledge and reasoning ability (think-pair-share). Data were collected and analyzed from formative and summative tests, students' homework, worksheets, and cooperative learning (think-pair-share). This study showed that mathematical reasoning ability increased to the expected level required by the researcher. So, using the constructivist approach through open-ended problems and cooperative learning (think- pair- share) could increase students' reasoning ability.

The study of the inclusive educational environment of exceptional and normal children in primary school for architectural design aimed to establish guidelines for creating an environment for inclusive education. Building utilization of thirty-five elementary schools providing the inclusive educational program in Bangkok was analyzed to study the following aspects: 1) The environment of exceptional and normal students’ inclusive classes at the regional center for special education 2) The patterns of the environment suited to the exceptional and normal students’ inclusive classes 3) Environmental management policies for the inclusive classes of exceptional and normal students. Information was gathered from surveys, observations, questionnaires, document analysis, interviews, and non-experimental research. The findings showed that the usable spaces in school buildings were designated to enhance the three kinds of social learning experience: 1) Support class control 2) Help developing students’ personalities consisting of physical, verbal, and emotional expressions that are socially accepted 3) Recognition and learning, which are needed for the increase of learning experience, were caused by having an interaction with the environment. Thus, the school buildings’ space designation positively affected the environmental management of exceptional and normal students’ inclusive classes.

This paper aims to introduce deviant workplace behavior and investigate the nature and forms of deviant workplace behavior in organizations. Specifically, this paper examines the tort on deviant behaviors in the case of Malaysia and India. Since such negative behaviors are associated with huge economic and psychological costs, organizations need to get this problem under control. In Malaysia, and India there are two relevant statutory legislations in tackling human behavior in the workplace. The main objective here is to explore the strategies and processes to be adopted by the managers and their organizations to reduce, manage or prevent deviant behaviors. Further, to recommend that relevant legislation provides remedies for the victims of such conduct. Based on the findings, useful insights and recommendations for policymakers are enlisted.

This study aims to determine whether the students of Karunya University are engaged in such games that impact their academic performance. A random sampling survey method is used. The students of various disciplines were randomly selected as respondents of the study. The academic performance of the students is collected from the controller of examinations of Karunya University. The finding reveals that the students’ choices in video game genres are significantly correlated with their overall performance indicated by the CGPA (.924). Similarly, the average time spent in such engagement per week is significantly correlated with the academic performance which gave out the value of (0.842). The results also reveal that the students’ history of gaming since they were kids is positively connected with their overall academic performance, which is revealed by the correlation value of (0.982). The outcome also shows that the correlation between students’ engagement with video gaming and their academic performance in the first year of their college life is relatively higher than the subsequent years. In conclusion, video game selection and time spent is significant in Karunya students’ academic performance. The rest of the variables in the study were insignificant. The findings could be useful for teachers to understand student behavior better and improve their learning.

The current review study aims to explore the concept of self and its role in self- leadership and propose strategies for teacher leaders in enhancing their awareness of personal qualities in leading their classrooms. This inside-out effect of self and self- development can be the key to success for the leader to pave the way for more sustainable development in the organization and its components. The inside-out effect is a transformational change within a leader and reflects the beauty inside the world outside by creating a relationship in his leadership. The main goal of the current paper is to review the way this internal process occurs and manifests in a whole person called a leader from different theoretical perspectives. The current study is a review paper that reviews and analyzes existing scholarly work and literature on leadership and its effectiveness. Based on the review, implications for the teachers and principals are discussed.

This paper provides a comparison of the law related to the classification of animals as either “legal objects” or “sentient beings” and “non-human persons.” In this paper, the definition of “objects” in the South African Law of Persons will be explored. An explanation of the difference between a legal “object” and a legal “subject” in South African law will be provided. Legal research is done with the focus being Interpretative Research. In order to understand the classification of animals in South African law, the relevant provisions of the Animal Protection Act 71 of 1962 and the Performing Animals Protection Act 24 of 1935 (as amended) will be explained. Secondly, the classification of animals in the law of other countries will be explored. Examples will include France, where the legal status of animals has changed from that of “personal property” to “sentient beings”; New Zealand, where the Animal Welfare Amendment Act 2 of 2015 recognizes animals as sentient beings; the legal reforms in Quebec, Canada, stating that animals are not objects and the declaration by India that Cetaceans are “non-human persons.” Implications of this research for practice may include a reclassification of animals as persons, which would result in the need for changes to be made in South African law. In conclusion, suggestions are made about whether the classification of animals as “objects” in South African law should be revised.

This is an attempt to investigate the causal relationship existing between the psychedelic literary genre in fiction and the application of trauma theory in the study of One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest. Trauma theory, which is a psychological theory in essence; has been widely linked to the study of literature since traumatic responses take narrative forms. Scientifically, many studies have proven that the psychedelic trip leads to a deepened exploration of the unconscious tracing latent emotional traumas. Henceforth, I am going to explore this novel as a psychedelic example of science fiction through a generic analysis due to the numerous parallels I have noticed with the effects of drug administration on real life patients. I will base my claim on a medical theory known as Psychedelic Information Theory which investigates psychedelic hallucinations, expanded consciousness and their impact on the metaphysical aspects of self-exploration. Consequently, I shall presuppose that psychedelics act metaphorically on the text of One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest inducing character-based hallucinatory narratives. Hallucinations are caused by an eruption of a psychedelic consciousness that is the antithesis of the normal state of a mind. Hallucinations range from happy enjoyable experiences laden with kaleidoscopic colourful streams of visions to painful manifestations of latent trauma. The researcher endeavours to analyze this novel as a traumatic example of psychedelic fiction through establishing a cause-result relationship between information theory and trauma theory as a fluid encounter between literature and science within science fiction framework. Finally, it is attempted to link the cultural integration of psychedelics to the shift of the traumatic experience from cultural to structural. This paper explores primarily the manifestations of Chief Bromden’s historic trauma. It traces secondarily the psychedelic characteristics of the novel. Lastly, it studies the effects of Bromden’s psychedelic journey on his traumatic recovery.

The main objective of this study was to show that storytelling can be a very effective tool for teaching and promoting morality. The author used action research design to explore and understand morality among junior high school students and the use of stories as a form of interventionary strategy. This is a research design that lends itself to use in school and community situations. It is solution-driven and has the potential to increase the amount researchers learn from their experience. This study shows that storytelling can be a very effective tool for teaching and promoting morality. This study is designed to improve practice and advocate for change. This research shows a clear influence of storytelling on the awareness of moral issues among junior high school students.

This research aims to examine the factors that influence cultural intelligence and its impact on social networks development and adaptive performance among Indonesian students. The formulation of research problems are as follows: 1) Is vacation abroad influence the cultural intelligence of Indonesian students?; 2) Is education abroad influence the cultural intelligence of Indonesian students?; 3) Is social network development and adaptive performance influenced by the cultural intelligence of Indonesian students?. This study was explanatory research that explained the correlation between variables by using a quantitative approach. By using the purposive sampling technique, this study involves 133 students from Indonesia who had experiences abroad. The analysis technique used in this study was Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results showed that international exposure does not affect cultural intelligence. On the other hand, this research proves that cultural intelligence influences social network development and adaptive performance.

This paper focuses on two objectives: to explore why Xinjiang Uyghur Muslim uprisings got motivated, and the other is to assess whether the closer China-Central Asia co-operations help ease the tension. Moreover, this research attempts to investigate the other external players involved in the Uyghur turmoil. The study employed the qualitative method to analyze how Sino-Central Asia relations play a role in countering East Turkistan forces and ease the Xinjiang tension. The analysis and argument are based on the institutionalism of Neo-liberalism to examine the impacts of China's foreign policies towards Central Asia, especially the institute of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), as well as the constructivism theory to analyze the norms. These ideas shape the political attitudes of external players on the Xinjiang issue. This paper argued that to prevent the further sprawl of the East Turkestan forces and maintain regional stability and peace, China would continue to work with Central Asian countries in terms of counter-three evil forces through the SCO. The research explored the development and challenges that SCO will face and analyzed its impacts on the solution of Xinjiang Uyghur Muslim riots shortly.

This study aims to investigate the views of primary school teachers about their classroom management behavior about different variables and to detect their autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire behavior often displayed in classrooms. Three hundred four participants, 257 female and 147 male teachers from Adana were voluntarily involved in this descriptive survey model. The “Teachers’ Perception of Classroom Management Scale” (TPCMS), developed by Terzi (2001), was used to collect the data. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for a paired comparison, and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for multiple comparisons besides the descriptive statistics. After the study, it was detected that teachers “always” display democratic behaviors, “sometimes” display autocratic behaviors, and “rarely” display laissez-faire behaviors. The most common democratic behaviors of the teachers are “explaining the rules with reasons, speaking without shouting, assessing tests objectively, and prioritizing group work.” According to the teachers’ perception, the most common laissez-faire behavior is “only helping the students when they ask for it,” The most common autocratic behaviors are basing the educational activities on the subject and maintaining a distance towards the students. According to the results, there are significant differences among the levels of authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire behaviors concerning gender, age, the type of school they have graduated from, professional status, level of class, and receiving classroom management training.

This study aimed to determine the Technology and Livelihood Education Program status and students’ work skills development. The study made use of a descriptive type of research. It involved 125 randomly selected second-year and third-year Bachelor in Business Teacher Education students of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines using the survey questionnaire as the major instrument in gathering the data. The mean average was used to describe the status of the TLE program in terms of curriculum content, instructional methods, faculty competence, adequacy of facilities, and the development of work skills and work attitudes of students. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to determine the relationship of the TLE program with the development of students’ work skills. The study revealed that the Status of Technology and Livelihood Education Program positively affects work skills development.

This research is a documentary research which aims to explore and collect data on the evolution of masks used in performing arts from the past to contemporary society. This would enhance understanding and awareness of value of masks in performing arts as well as the impacts of changing social contexts upon the usage of masks in performing arts and its adaptation towards such changes. The research result has shown that masks usage in performing arts has been evolving according to the dynamic changes of social contexts. Generally, masks are powerful tool which enable wearers/actors to be beyond/more than themselves. Masks are thus valuable in spiritual rituals and artistic performance. However, under the influence of Capitalism, these values of masks have been diminished to only colorful touristic attraction. This should be concerned by all parties involved for the spiritual evolution and benefits of this kind of art.

This paper aims to structure big data to set up a goal based on ontology to show the dependency relationship between social data and GI. At this research stage, user trends on social media are being examined based on a certain query as this query is defined as a goal. NodeXL is used to obtain and analyze data from Twitter. The results discuss the relationship for data from Twitter in relation to the specific goal. The outcome of this paper will contribute to a significant achievement that provides an important innovation in research methods in the big data era to trace how data flows across social media and how to analyze this data. This research extends the application of the ontology for social media concerning the goal by developing the relationship for this social data.

This paper attempts to answer two research questions. i.e., i) How to define Sustainable Development Value (SDV) from the developing country perspective? and ii) What are the relevant dimensions of sustainable development value that suit the developing country perspective? Relevant literature has been reviewed, and qualitative methodology was utilized to understand the issue. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted in this regard. The interviews were then transcribed and analyzed to understand the best ways to define SDV from the developing country's perspective. The findings revealed that the perception about SDV and dimensions vary from a developed country to a developing country perspective. It is expected that this study will contribute significantly to the existing body of knowledge by discussing the sustainable value phenomenon from a developing country perspective. When the consequences of Sri Lankan women migrating abroad are considered it appears that changes occur in individuals, family, community and social activities. These changes may challenge social relation, relationships. On the other hand, these network relationships have a determining influence on the degree of success or failure achieved by them.

This paper explores the impact of women's migration on the family network and kinship relation and the found success achieved by their families. Particularly, when a woman leaves her family for foreign employment, instantly gaps and challenges arrive regarding the family's security and taking care of children. In such situations, how do the family network and kinship networks operate, and with what effect? The study shows that when the woman is absent, family members fill the gaps and share the service as well as how they managed, controlled, consumed, saved, or invested remittance received as foreign earning by using their family and kinship networks. The study covered the two DS Divisions in the administrative district of Kurunegala in North Western Province in Sri Lanka and selected a random sample for collecting data. The study mainly depends on qualitative data using in-depth interviews, interviews with key informants.

This research paper tried to analyze the ideas on the death penalty and life imprisonment experiences of its offender’s perspective. Within the framework of giving punishments and control, criminals are essential for society to its best functioning. There are organized crimes and instantaneous crimes against humans and property. Findings revealed causes for engaging in criminal behavior as well as feelings of them as offenders. The death penalty and life imprisonment have been punished, especially for drug selling and murders. The end of life imprisonment is decided by nature, but the president of Sri Lanka will decide the death penalty in the Sri Lankan context. Still, there is no decision on implementing the death penalty in Sri Lanka. Both categories of prisoners need if implementing the death penalty or freedom. Some of them need to convert death sentences to life imprisonment. They are physically and mentally damaged after their imprisonment. Lack of hope and lack of welfare and rehabilitation programs they suffered their lives in the prison. The findings of this study will be helpful for the government and policymakers.

This paper analyzes the overall business scenario of Bangladesh and examines the existing literature on rolling forecasting. A rolling forecast is one of those incorporated in the organizations alongside the traditional annual budget. As rolling forecast provides a skeptical look into a financial period that goes beyond a year and updates the forecast continuously, the chances of success in the predictions are increased. The possibilities business industries of Bangladesh might have to implement rolling forecasting are presented briefly. In addition, the paper tries to present a basic implementation process for rolling forecasting. However, applying new changes to a conventional method always breeds anxiety among the practitioners. Bangladesh, a yet to be developed economy, may face barriers and fierce challenges while it tries to implement rolling forecasting in the budget operations of the companies. As a result, an attempt is also made to formulate some recommendations by reviewing existing literature for the business organizations of Bangladesh.

The objectives of the study are to assess the social connectivity of Kerala local governments and analyze the effectiveness of formal and informal communication networks in Local Governments in Kerala. The study considered a ‘multi-stage stratified random sampling’ for selecting the grassroots functionaries of local governments of the lowermost stratum, viz., Village (Grama) Panchayat, Municipality, and Corporation. Revealing the hidden connections that drive how work gets done in local governments is of utmost importance in the ever-widening communication network provided by the present order of globalization. Social networks are nodes of individuals , groups , organizations and related system that tie in one or more types of interdependencies which include shared values , visions and ideas , social contacts, kingship, conflict, financial exchanges, trade , joint membership in organization’s and group participation in events, among numerous other aspects of interpersonal relationships.

I, on the behalf of my editorial team, is pleased to announce that the inaugural issue of Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences (JAHSS). The success of this project is a result of devoted efforts of editorial team, significant contribution of authors and timely and useful response of the reviewers. Without the efforts of all the contributors we would not be able to achieve this milestone. I am humbled and grateful to all the contributors. The aim behind JAHSS is to publish original research from the field of humanities and social sciences and contribute in the relevant domains by highlighting the advances and developments. The inaugural issue is first step towards this aim. This issue covers topics from the field of education, gender studies, religion, politics, and behavior sciences. The topics covered in this issue address important areas in the domain of humanities and social sciences. We believe this issue along with the upcoming issues, will serve the scholars and practitioners of humanities and social sciences domain. I would like to take this opportunity to invite scholars to submit their original research to JAHSS. Original articles, unique concepts and practical ideas along with review articles are welcomed in JAHSS. With the support from scholars, researchers and reviewers, I anticipate a bright future for JAHSS. Thanking all the contributors once again.
Yi-Hsing Hsieh
Editor
Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences (JAHSS)

This study aims to examine the effects of computer-assisted preschool educational activities on children's intuitive mathematical ability. The group under investigation consists of randomly selected five-year-old children attending a nursery school in Selçuklu county, Konya, Turkey, during 2011-2012. The research is designed to have pre-test and post-test models with a control group. A total of 40 children (20 children in an experimental group and 20 children in the control group) are observed. The Intuitive Mathematical Ability (IMA) test is conducted to determine children's intuitive mathematical ability. In particular, the test is administered before and after the experiments. The Mann-Whitney U-test is taken to analyze data emerging from those tests. In general, the results indicate that computer-assisted preschool educational activities have made a positive contribution to the intuitive mathematical ability of five years old children. Hence, computer-assisted preschool educational activities may have a promising potential to be integrated with a preschool education program.

This study aims at examining gender equality as a manifested issue in educational institutions. The Polytechnic University of the Philippines, the largest state university in the country in terms of a student, is considered the case study. Descriptive statistics are taken as the research method, by which a survey is conducted to get the perceptions of future educators, particularly among students currently pursuing the Bachelor in Business Teachers Education (BBTE) degree. A custom-made questionnaire is taken to gather data. The required data include the perceptions of BBTE students on academic practices related to gender equality in terms of learning materials, methods and strategies, subject matter, and evaluation. The study reveals that respondents strongly agree that gender equality has been currently manifested in all these factors. Besides, this research discovers no significant difference between the perceptions of male and female respondents on the equality issue. The findings imply that teachers should be aware of gender equality within classes.

This brief study aims at proposing an alternative concept of democracy, i.e., Religious democracy, which may have relevancies for most countries with a Muslim predominant. It is a qualitative study based on existing literature and scholarly work. The findings argue that Islam as a universal religion may have approval to this new concept because Islam offers two perspectives or philosophical ideas, i.e., universal values such as freedom, brotherhood, equality, etc., and particular forms as a formulation towards those values in articulating or socializing Islamic values in either political, economic, social or cultural area, especially among Muslim communities. Thus, Islam as a religion may accommodate the concept of democracy in terms of the context of a subjective democracy, not an objective one. This study has offered useful insights and implications for the countries with Muslim predominant.

This paper intends to identify challenges and limitations regarding the use and implementation of technology at universities in Iran and India, e.g., industrial management, English, etc. After studying the design and implementation of knowledge management in different universities, various aspects of this process have been identified using the content analysis method. This study also provides a framework to design and implement knowledge management systems focusing on eight aspects of objectives, scope, organization, method, technology, achievements, and failures. The analysis argues that universities can change to knowledge-based origination as the service sector moves to electronic services by employing knowledge management innovations. It is required to bridge knowledge from university to industrial sector i.e., knowledge-based production and Intellectual Capital (IC) should transfer to market practice, but a gap exists between these products and supply. The results show that the accomplishment of knowledge management strategies can be effective positively despite existing challenges. Based on the analysis, useful recommendations for improving knowledge management implementation are given to higher education institutes.

This paper aimed to display and elaborate the results obtained through experiments to study students' feedback when they learn from a robot and a human teacher. A questionnaire asking the questions related to the robot and human teacher, where the answer is listed under several feelings, was set up and distributed to the students during the experimental implementation. Nao robot was used as the robot teacher and is programmed to able to teach the students. Each teacher (robot and human) delivered the same topic with the same sentences and gestures. The topic chosen for this experiment is "Introduction to Mechatronic" due to the scope that focuses on technical students at the university level. To make this research more applicable, some variables were decided when handling the experiment. The finding of this research is displayed in graphs for each question. The exciting feeling experienced by the students involved in the experiments is the important point for comparing robot and human teacher lecture class. However, some advantages and disadvantages for the feeling occur within the teacher's (robot and human) lecture session. As for the conclusion, students feel more excited towards the robot teacher compare to a human teacher. These experiments contribute one of valuable knowledge on how a new thing attracts people and keeps their attention to it.